Histology: Cells to tissue

Question 1

majority of cell in this phase

Answer 1

interphase

Question 2

what happens after a cell has divided

Answer 2

permanent cell, no longer capable of division (neurons and heart)
stable cell (can enter division again if needed)

Question 3

what happens at the quiescent phase

Answer 3

making cellular products (protein synthesis)

matabolism. not dividing

Question 4

what stage do cells actively divide

Answer 4

mitosis and interphase

Question 5

define tissues

Answer 5

cells that are glued together by cell junction (ex blood)

Question 6

what kind of tissue is blood

Answer 6

liquid connective tissue

Question 7

fn of cell junction

Answer 7

prevent passage of substance btwn cells/ form channels allow molecules to pass from cell to cell. allow for bending and twisting

Question 8

ECM consists of

Answer 8

1. protein fibres (collagen, elastic, reticular fibre)

2. ground substance (water, blood, cartilage, polysaccharides, proteins)

Question 9

fn of ECM

Answer 9

• bind cells together
• determine tissue’s properties
• influence cell polarity
• influences cell behaviour

Question 10

bone tissue ECM contains what and why

Answer 10

durable calcium crystals. strong and rigid

Question 11

tendon tissue contains what and why

Answer 11

rope like collagen to be flexible

Question 12

why does ground substance of ECM contain adhesive proteins

Answer 12

to allow ECM to attach to cells and protein fibres

Question 13

the 3 types of protein fibres in ECM

Answer 13

collagen, elastic and reticular

Question 14

collagen is

Answer 14

strong (tensile strength), flexible but not stiff/stretchy/ nor supportive

Question 15

elastic fibre is

Answer 15

strong and stretchy

Question 16

reticular fibre is

Answer 16

strong, flexible and supportive

Question 17

fn of adhesive proteins

Answer 17

help attach cells to appro. part of ECM

Question 18

fibronectin (adhesive protein)

Answer 18

promotes attachment of fibroblast and others to matrix in CT

Question 19

laminin (adhesive protein)

Answer 19

promotes attachment of epithelial cells to basal lamina

Question 20

integrins (adhesive protein)

Answer 20

bind cell surface and ECM components such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen

Question 21

describe loss of anchorage resulting in death

Answer 21

cells need anchorage to survive. if none apoptosis occurs and cell dies

Question 22

describe loss of anchorage resulting in spread

Answer 22

cells invade surrounding tissue (or basement membrane). are anchorage independent. beginning of invasive cancer and metastases

Question 23

compare normal vs anchorage-independent cells

Answer 23

tissue poorly organized.

vary sizes & shapes of nuclei b/c of diff differentiation nuclear activities. poorly differentiated cells

Question 24

properties of tumor cells

Answer 24

• do not wait for signals that new tissue is needed
• ignore signals to stop dividing
• do not mature normally (differentiate)
• exhibit anchorage-independence, variation of cell size and shape, increase in nuclear size, total DNA and mitotic activity

Question 25

factors that start cell division

Answer 25

availability of space (anchorage dependence), nutrients, growth factors

Question 26

factors that stop cell divison

Answer 26

runs into other tissue (anchorage dependence), loss of nutrients/ growth factors