Histology Final

Question 1

expulsion of materials out of the cell
by fusing of a vesicle membrane with the cell
membrane

Answer 1

Exocytosis

Question 2

uptake of materials into the cell

Answer 2

Endocytosis

Question 3

Cell drinking

Answer 3

Pinocytosis

Question 4

Cell eating

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

act as diffusion regulators.

Answer 6

phospholipids

Question 7

Clear liquid enclosed in the cell by the cell’s membrane.

Answer 7

Cytoplasm / cytosol

Question 8

are metabolically active specialized structures within the cell

Answer 8

Organelles

Question 9

Largest, densest organelle

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Present in all cells except mature red blood cells and blood platelets.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Form of DNA

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

a double layered membrane

Answer 12

Nuclear envelope

Question 13

consists of parallel membrane-bound channels.

Answer 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 14

“highway system for the cell”

Answer 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

Primary function: modification, storage,
segregation and transport of proteins that the cell manufactures.

Answer 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

This organelle can be classified as rough or smooth.

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Contains ribosomes on its outer surface

Answer 17

Rough ER

Question 18

particles composed of protein and RNA, which synthesize protein

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

“protein factories”

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 20

Contains enzymesinvolved inmanufacturing
various lipid molecules and steroid hormones

Answer 20

Smooth ER

Question 21

“Chemical processing and packaging center

Answer 21

Golgi apparatus

Question 22

Second largest organelle

Answer 22

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Function: sorts, condenses, packages, and delivers proteins from the RER.

Answer 23

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

“Powerhouse of the cell”

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

Releases energy from food molecules and transform energy into ATP

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

“Sewer system” of the cell

Answer 26

Lysosome

Question 27

Membranous sacks produced by the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 27

Lysosomes

Question 28

Delicate, threadlike, microscopic structures of specialized protein, arranged in meshwork of bundles.

Answer 28

Microfilaments

Question 29

Responsible for cell motility

Answer 29

Microfilaments

Question 30

Long slender tubes that maintain the shape of the cell.

Answer 30

Microtubules

Question 31

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell.

Answer 31

Intermediate filaments

Question 32

Metabolically inert substances that are transient over time in the cell

Answer 32

Inclusions

Question 33

Closes intercellular space between cells by fusing cell membranes together & prevents the movement or loss of fluid.

Answer 33

Tight junction

Question 34

Bind cells together by creating “spot welds” between adjacent membranes.

Answer 34

Desmosomes

Question 35

Attachment of cell to an adjacent non-cellular surface.

Answer 35

Hemidesmosomes

Question 36

This junction allows gingival tissue to adhere to the tooth surface by epithelial attachment

Answer 36

Hemidesmosomes

Question 37

Form tubular channels between cells that allow substances to be exchanged

Answer 37

Gap junctions

Question 38

LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL

Answer 38

1. Interphase (DNA replication) 2. Mitosis (Cell Division) 3. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division) 4. Differentiation

Question 39

Stage in the life cycle when a cell grows and forms new organelles. • Period of growth and activity between mitoses. • Consists of 3 phases: – G1 phase: the initial resting phase of cell growth. – S phase: DNA replication (chromatin and centrosome replication) – G2 phase: the second resting phase of cell growth.

Answer 39

Interphase

Question 40

Answer 40

Interphase

Question 41

The stages of mitosis include:

Answer 41

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Question 42

Answer 42

Prophase

Question 43

What stage? The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Answer 43

1. Prophase

Question 44

What phase? Chromosomes become arranged midway between the centrioles. 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Answer 44

Metaphase

Question 45

Answer 45

Metaphase

Question 46

Answer 46

Anaphase

Question 47

Chromatids migrate to opposite poles by the mitotic spindle

Answer 47

Anaphase

Question 48

Answer 48

Telephase

Question 49

Process by which all cytoplasmic components of the cell are divided into two identical daughter cells following mitosis.

Answer 49

Cytoplasmic division/ cytokinesis

Question 50

___________ is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

Answer 50

Differentiation

Question 51

3 periods of prenatal development

Answer 51

1. Preimplant period 1st trimester 2. Embryonic period 1st 3. Fetal period 2nd & 3rd trimester