MIDTERM OFFICIAL Flashcards
1
Q
Soft tissue that develops into a tooth
A
Tooth germ
2
Q
When do tooth buds begin to grow
A
During 6th wk of fetal life
3
Q
Early tooth socket
A
Crypt
4
Q
Which tooth structures form first
A
- Dentin & enamel
- Cementum
5
Q
The dentin that forms during the 6th wk of fetal life is called
A
Primary dentin
6
Q
Secondary dentin is formed _______
A
Continuously throughout life
7
Q
Secondary dentin is produced after
A
Root formation or completion
8
Q
When do primary teeth begin to calcify (get harder)
A
4th or 5th month of fetal life
9
Q
Hardening of tooth tissue by deposition of mineral salts
A
Calcification
10
Q
Calcification of primary teeth continues until the _____ or ______ year after birth
A
3rd or 4th
11
Q
Soon after birth ________ teeth begin to calcify
A
Permanent
12
Q
What dentin is laid down locally as protection for the pulp from irritation, caries, or trauma
A
Reparitive dentin
13
Q
Calcification continues until about the _____ year when roots of wisdom teeth become calcified.
A
25yrs
14
Q
Each tooth begins to form from ____ or more growth centers
A
4
15
Q
Growth centers grow out from the tooth germ and are known as _________ lobes.
A
Developmental lobes
16
Q
The fusion of lobes is called ________
A
Coalescence
17
Q
The junction that forms the union of lobes is marked by lines on the teeth called
A
Developmental grooves
18
Q
When do deciduous first molars erupt
A
14-18 months
19
Q
When do deciduous canines erupt
A
17-23 months
20
Q
When do deciduous second molars erupt
A
23-31 months
21
Q
The first teeth to appear in the mouth are usually
A
Mandibular central incisors
22
Q
When deciduous canines erupt, they bring supporting bone with them called
A
Canines eminence
23
Q
All deciduous teeth are expected by what age
A
2.5
24
Q
Premature loss of deciduous teeth may cause
A
abnormal jaw and growth development
25
The first of the permanent teeth to emerge are usually the
Mandibular 1st molars
26
The permanent mandibular 1st molars emerge distal to the
Deciduous second molars
27
________ is the tendency of the permanent molars to have an eruptive force toward the midline
Mesial drift
28
Because there is little extra space for the permanent 1st premolar, the infringement of the permanent molar into this space may what-
Keep a molar or canine from properly erupting
29
_______ is the process by which the roots of a baby tooth are resorbed and dissolved until so little root remains that the baby tooth falls out
Exfoliation
30
________ destroy the roots of the deciduous teeth
Osteoclasts
31
T/F: Maxillary premolars often precede the mandibular molars
True
32
Often referred to as 12 yr molars
Maxillary second molars
33
_______ teeth that do not completely erupt but remain embedded in bone or soft tissue
Impacted teeth
34
The 3rd molars do not appear until age ___
17
35
What teeth are most likely to be impacted
3rd molars
36
What teeth are most common teeth to be congenitally missing
Max and mand 3rd molars
37
_____ is the wearing away of the tooth through contact with its functional surfaces
Attrition
38
As the teeth erupt and meet their posing tooth in the opposite arch, they form what is known as the
Occlusal plane
39
When do permanent Max and mand 1st molars erupt
6-7 years
40
The period of _______ dentition begins with the eruption of the 1st deciduous tooth
Primary
41
T/F: When the 1st permanent molar erupts, the period of primary dentin ends
42
At what age do you see mixed dentition
6 yrs of age
43
The period of _______ dentition begins when the last primary tooth is lost and when the last _______ tooth is lost
Permanent
44
Edentulous
No teeth
45
_____ Runs from the margins of the lips posterily to the area of the tonsils
Oral mucosa
46
The oral mucosa is composed of what types of tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue
47
Layer of dead cells, no nuclei
Keratinized
48
Dead and dying cells with and without nuclei
Parakeratinized
49
Cells that are alive and have nuclei
Non-keratinized
50
What is the function of mucosa
Protects oral structure
Secreted moisture
Absorbs nutrients
51
3 types of oral mucosa
1. Specialized
2. Masticatory mucosa
3. Lining mucosa
52
Specialized mucosa is found
On the dorsal of the tongue
53
Masticatory mucosa is found
Gingiva & hard palate
54
Lining mucosa is found
1. Labial/buccal
2. Alveolar
3. Soft palate
4. Ventral of the tongue & floor of mouth
55
Loose, flexible & unattached tissue
1. Lining mucosa
2. Masticatory mucosa
3. Specialized mucosa
Lining mucosa
56
This mucosa is firm, thick & immovable
1. Lining mucosa
2. Masticatory mucosa
3. Specialized mucosa
Masticatory mucosa
57
____ is a part of the interdental gingiva that is apical to the contact area and connects the facial & lingual interdental papillae
Col
58
_______ Is the space from the gingible margin to the base of the circus where it attaches to the tooth
Sulcus
59
What is one of the first areas involved in periodontal disease?
Interdental papilla
60
______ is the line between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva
Mucogingival junction
61
The space that exists between the lips or cheeks and the teeth is known as the
Vestibule
62
The ares surrounded by the teeth back to the palatine tonsils is called the
Oral cavity proper
63
Bone that forms the sockets of the teeth
Alveolar bone
64
The point where lips/cheeks turn to go toward the gingival tissue
Mucobuccal fold
65
Mucosa laying against the alveolar bone, loosely attacjed and moveable, reddish due to many blood vessels
Alveolar mucosa
66
The point where the gingiva becomes tightly attached to the bone
Mucogingival junction
67
Misplaced sebaceous glands
Fordyce granules
68
Bony growths on the **buccal** cortical plate of the max & mand
Exostosis
69
________ is the anterior pillar
1. Palatoglossal arch
2. Palatopharyngeal arch
Palatoglossal arch
70
_______ is the posterior pillar
1. Palatoglossal arch
2. Palatopharyngeal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
71
______ is the **space** between left and right tonsils
Fauces
72
_____ is the opening for the ducts of 2 major salivary glands, submandibular & Sublingual Glands
Sublingual caruncles
73
Small openings for the Sublingual salivary gland are found along the ________ fold.
Sublingual fold
74
The tongue starts to develop about
4 1/2 weeks in utero
75
The tongue muscles are divided into 2 groups
1. Intrinsic
2. Extrinsic
76
The tongue is covered with what type of epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
77
A
Foliate
78
B
Circumvallate
79
C
Filiform
80
D
Fungiform
81
- Around 13 elevations (V)
- V-shaped row facing posteriorly of circular raised elevations
- Divides Posterior 1/3 and ant 2/3
Circumvallate
82
- Anterior 2/3 of tongue,
- Tiny, round, red, raised, spots
- Taste buds in these papillae
Fungiform
83
- Remainder anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Slender, threadlike, pointed projections
- No taste buds
- Tactile sensation
Filiform
84
- Posterior 1/3 of tongue and on lateral (side)
surfaces, close to vallate papillae
- Few taste buds, not well developed
Foliate
85
The crown and the root are joined at the
CEJ
86
the whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel (regardless of whether it is erupted)
Anatomical crown
87
the part of the crown that is visible above the gingiva
Clinical crown
88
The line formed by the junction of the cementumand the enamel is called the
CEJ
89
Division of 2 root segments
Bifurcation
90
Division of a root into 3 segments
Trifurcation
91
Between the roots is called _____
Furcal region
92
The portion of the jaw that supports the teeth is called the
Alveolar process
93
The bony socket in which the tooth fits is called the
Alveolus
94
What anchors the tooth to the bone?
The root
95
4 tissues of the tooth
1. Enamel
2. Dentin
3. Cementum
4. Dental pulp
96
The hardest tissue in the human body
Enamel
97
Enamel is thickest at the ______ and thinnest at the ______
Tip of the crown & CEJ
98
As we age, the pulp recedes and is replaced by
Secondary dentin
99
______ forms the main portion or body of the tooth
Dentin
100
Dentin is what color
Yellow
101
_____ dentin grows very quickly and is initiated by normal attrition and wear & normal againg process
Secondary
102
____ dentin is laid down in response to caries or trauma
Reparitive
103
____ covers the root of the tooth
Cementum
104
Cementum is thin at the _____ & thicker at the ____
CEJ & apex
105
Cells that produce cementum are called
Cementoblasts
106
2 types of cementum
1. Cellular
2. Acellular
107
Housed inside the center of the tooth and dentin is the _____
Pulp
108
The _____ of the tooth is composed of blood vessels, lymp vessels, connective tissue, nerve tissue and special forming cells.
The pulp
109
Dentin forming cells are called
Odontoblasts
110
The walls of the pulp cavity are lined with
Odontoblasts
111
Dentin forming cells that surround the pulp
Odonotoblasts
112
________'s chief function is to lay down primary, secondary and reparitive dentin
Odontoblasts
113
The nerves in the tooth CANNOT respond to ________ only ______
Cold/heat
Pain
114
2 divisions of pulp
Pulp chamber
Pulp canals
115
Pulp chamber + Pulp canals =
Pulp cavity
116
Blood vessels in the pulp supply ______ cells necessary to fight bacteria invasion
WBC
117
____ are the longest teeth in the human dentition
Canines
118
_______ have the longest roots if the entire dentition
Max canines
119
Premolars can have _____ or _____ cusps
2 or 3 cusps
120
There can be _____ or _____ cusps on the occlusal surface of a molar
4 or 5
121
Incisors are functioned to
Cut
122
Canines are functioned to
Hold, grasp & tear
123
Premolars are functioned to
Hold, grind & crush
124
Molars are functioned to
Chew & grind
125
__________ form when lobes fuse together
Developmental grooves
126
Incisors, canines, and premolars have _____ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes
3 facial, 1 lingual
127
Premolars have _____ facial lobes and _____ lingual lobes
3 facial, 1 lingual
128
1st max molars have _______ facial loves and _____ lingual lobes
2 facial lobes & 3 lingual lobes
129
1st mand molars have _____ facial lobes and ____ lingual lobes
3 facial, 2 lingual
130
2nd molars have _____ facial lobes & ____ lingual lobes
2 facial lobes and 2 lingual lobes
131
Tubercles
132
Marginal Ridge
133
Fossa
134
Cingulim
135
This gland secretes watery serous secretion
Parotid gland
136
The largest of all glands
Parotid gland
137
This gland produces 25% of the total resting salivary volume
Parotid gland
138
This glands ducts open into the oral cavity opposite the Maxillary 2nd molars
Parotid gland
139
Parotid gland =
Stensons duct
140
This gland is below the body of the mandible and wraps around the mylohoid muscle in the neck
Submandibular
141
This gland produces 60-65% of resting saliva
Submandibular
142
This gland secretes mixed cells (serous & mucosa)
Submandibular
143
This gland opens in the Sublingual caruncle at the bas of the lingual frenum in the floor of the mouth
Submandibular
144
This gland is located on the anterior floor of the mouth, next to mandibular canines
Sublingual gland
145
This gland is the smallest of the 3 pairs
Sublingual gland
146
This gland produces 10% saliva
Sublingual
147
This gland secretes mostly mucous cells with some serous cells
Sublingual Glands
148
This gland opens in the submamdibular duct in the sublingual fold
Sublingual gland
149
How many teeth are in the primary dentition
20
150
How many teeth are in the secondary dentition
32
151
How many teeth are in each primary quad?
5
152
How many teeth are in a permanent quad
8
153
____ refers to the permanent teeth which succeed or replace the deciduous teeth
Succedaneous teeth
154
______ refers to the teeth which do not succeed or replace any deciduous teeth
Nonsuccedaneous teeth
155
Universal permanent teeth
1-32 all the way around
156
Universal for primary teeth
A-T all the way around
157
Palmer notation for primary teeth
A-E
158
Palmer notation for permanent teeth
1-8
159
________ of teeth aid in preventing disease, damage, bacterial invasion, calculus build-up, dispersing excessive occlusal trauma and biting forces, and protect the gingiva and periodontium
Curvatures
160
The peridontium is divided into 2 units
1. Gingival unit
2. Attachment unit
161
The gingival unit includes:
Free & attached ginigva
162
The attachment unit includes:
** think CAP
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament PLD
163
_______ areas of teeth are the surfaces where teeth touch one another un the same arch
Proximal surfaces
164
The ______ area is the flattened portion of the tooth where it touches the tooth next to it in the same dental arch
Contact area
165
_______ is where the occlusal cusp of 1 tooth touches the occlusal portion of another tooth in the opposing arch
Contact Point
166
A
Interproximal space
167
B
Occlusal embrasure
168
The void is called
Cervical embrasure
169
Embrasures have the following purposes:
1. Allow food to be moved away from contact areas
2. Dissipate & reduce the forces of occlusal trauma
3. Self cleaning
4. Premit slight stimulation to gingiva from food
170
_______ refers to the widest, bulkiest part of the crown
Crest of curvature
171
The lingual height of contour for anterior teeth is at the _______ of the tooth
Cervical third of the tooth
172
The lingual crest of curvature for posterior teeth is at or near the _______ of the tooth
Middle third
173
The ______ of curvature refers to the widest part of the crown of the tooth. It is the same as the height of contour
Crest of curvature
174
T/F: The crest of curvature & height of contour mean the same thing, but refer to either anterior or posterior teeth
True
175
T/F: Crowns of anterior teeth show greater curvature of the CEJ then prosterior teeth
True
176
_______ is where 2 adjacent teeth don't touch
Open contact
177
If the margin of a restoration extends far beyond the tooth this is known as
Overhanging restoration
178
The eruption pattern, facial development, and sequence in which tooth buds begin forming all contribute to the eventual relationship of the teeth and jaws- is know as
Occlusion
179
______ describes the relationship of the mandibular and maxillary teeth when the teeth are closed together or during excursive movements when the teeth are touching.
Occlusion
180
Development of occlusion begins with the eruption of
Primary teeth
181
T/F: Anterior teeth have less bone coverage
True
182
At 16 months primary ________ erupt and establish
Molars
183
Buccal cusps of mandibular posterior teeth interlock between the buccal & lingual cusps of maxillary teeth -
Intercuspation
184
PRIMARY -
Mandibular 2nd molars (distal) are situated more mesial than maxillary molars
Mesial step
185
PRIMARY-
2nd mandibular molars are even with each other on both arches
Flush terminal plane
186
PRIMARY-
2nd mand molars are situated more distal than the maxillary molars
Distal step
187
The largest primate spaces are found
Mesial to the max primary canines & distal to the mand canines
188
______ is an extra space that deciduous canines and molars occupy to help save room for their permanent successors
Leeway space
189
T/F: The mand continues to grow later than the max
True
190
______ is an abnormal alignment of the teeth in the dental arches.
Malocclusion
191
______ is a tooth out of alignment to the labial or buccal
Labioversion/ Buccoversion
192
A tooth that is overerupted, normally long relative to the rest of the occlusal surfaces
Supraeruption malocclusion
193
A tooth or teeth that are out of alignment in a buccal/lingual version
Crossbite malocclusion
194
Max incisal edges line up with touching mand incisal edges with NO vertical overlap
Edge to edge malocclusion
195
Balance between tongue & facial muscles allows proper ______ alignment of teeth
Horizontal
196
Abnormal forward thrusting of the tongue against the interior teeth can cause an
Openbite
197
Other factors that influence the alignment of teeth
1. Mesial drift
2. Size & shape of the jaws
3. Shaoe of the teeth (discrepancy)
198
The buccal cusp tips of posterior teeth have a fairly even curve in an anterior to posterior direction known as the
Curve of spee
199
An occlusal curve exists for posterior teeth in a direction from right to left called the
Curve of Wilson
200
The mandibular posterior teeth have a tendency to top their crowns ______ & their roots ________
Lingually & laterally
201
When the jaws are closed, 2 possible relationships occur:
1. Centric relation
2. Centric occlusion
202
A relationship of the upper jaw to the lower jaw
A) centric relation
B) centric occlusion
Centric relation
203
A relationship of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth
A) centric relation
B) centric occlusion
Centric occlusion
204
Occlusion overjet =
Vertical
Horizontal
Horizontal
205
Occlusion overbite =
Vertical
Horizontal
Vertical
206
______ is the extension of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth below the incisal edges of the mandibular anterior teeth in a vertical direction.
Overbite
207
If 1 or more teeth in the mandibular arch are located facial to their maxillary counterparts, this is not normal and is a condition known as
Overbite
Overlap
Crossbite
Crossbite
208
_______ is a condition where a crossbite of all the mandibular teeth occurs
Acromegaly
209
The maxilla and mandible are in normal relationships with each other.
Class I neutroclusion
Class II neutroclusion
Class III neutroclusion
Class 1neutroclusion
210
The mandible is retruded. (it has a distal relationship with the maxilla.)
Class I Retrognathic
Class II Retrognathic
Class III Retrognathic
Class II Retrognathic
211
The mandible is protruded (it has a mesial relationship with the maxilla).
Class I Prognathic
Class II Prognathic
Class III Prognathic
Class III Prognathic
212
Class III Prognathic
213
Class II Retrognathic
214
The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar is directly in line with the buccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar.
Class I relationship (neutroclusion)
215
exists when the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is posterior to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar
Class II occlusal relationship (distoclusion)
216
A
Class II, Divison 1
217
B
Class II, divison II
218
exists when the buccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar is more anterior than normal to the mesiobuccal cusp of the max 1st molar
Class III occlusal relationship (mesioclusion)
219
lateral excursion
220
if one tooth hits more than the others, it becomes an interference and bears more force than the others, becoming a
premature contact area
221
The max first molar is tipped mesially so that it touches the mandibular 1st molar and 2nd
molars - In contact with 2
Stolarized Molars
222
Black's classification of cavities:
Class I
All pit-and-fissure restorations , just occlusal surfaces
223
Black's classification of cavities:
Class II
Restorations on the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth.
224
Black's classification of cavities:
Class III
Restorations on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do not involve the incisal angle
225
Black's classification of cavities:
Class IV
Restorations on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do involve the incisal edge.
226
Black's classification of cavities:
Class V
Restorations on the gingival 1/3rd of the facial or lingual surfaces of all teeth (except
pit-and-fissure lesions).
227
What class
Class I
228
What class
Class II
229
What class
Class III
230
What class
Class IV
231
What class
Class V
