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BIO110 > Histology List > Flashcards

Histology List Flashcards

Lab 7 tissues stuff (73 cards)

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1
Q

4 human tissue types

A
  • connective
  • muscle
  • epithelial
  • nervous
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2
Q

basement membrane

A

anchor cells; membrane cells are attached to

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3
Q

major function of nervous tissue ?

A

communication between cells by neurons

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4
Q

major function of muscle tissue ?

A

contraction to produce movement

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5
Q

major function of epithelial tissue ?

A

provide protection, absorption / secretion

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6
Q

major function of connective tissue ?

A

wide array of function
- support / structure / protection
- transportation / storage
- insulation
- etc.

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7
Q

what cell slides will only show that specific cell instead of multiple kinds of cells ? (3)

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • adipose connective tissue
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8
Q

3 general types of epithelial tissue shapes ?

A
  • squamous (flat)
  • cuboidal (dice)
  • columnar (brick)
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9
Q

where is epithelial tissue generally found ?

A

covering body surfaces, lining internal organs / body cavities

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10
Q

simple tissue means ?

A

single layer of cells

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11
Q

stratified tissue means ?

A

2 or more layers of cells

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12
Q

psuedostratified tissue means ?

A

cells look stratified but are actually all attached to basement membrane

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13
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of flattened cells
- obvious nuclei

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14
Q

function / location of simple squamous epithelium ?

A

easily diffuse / filtrate materials across cells quickly;
- lining of lungs, kidneys, blood vessels
- general lining of body cavities

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15
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube shaped cells
- large ROUND nucleus
- lots of cytoplasm
(can appear columnar, pay attention to nucleus shape)

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16
Q

function / location of simple cuboidal epithelium ?

A

secretion / absorption of substances
- kidney tubules
- ducts and glands (thyroid, salivary, etc.)
- ovaries

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17
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of rectangular cells
- large OVAL nucleus
- lots of cytoplasm
- some have cilia / goblet cells (secretion cells)

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18
Q

function / location of simple columnar epithelium ?

A

secretion / absorption (mucus, etc.)
- non-ciliated; digestive tract, gallbladder
- ciliated; bronchi, female reproductive system

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19
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

thick basement membrane of cuboidal / columnar that became squamous at TOP layer
- keratinized; layer of keratin, dry lining
- non-keratinized; no layer of keratin, moist linings

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20
Q

function / location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ?

A

protect underlying tissue from abrasion
- epidermis of surfaces experiencing frequent friction ( palms of hands, soles of feet, etc.)

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21
Q

function / location of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ?

A

protect underlying tissue from abrasion
- esophagus
- mouth / tongue
- vagina

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22
Q

ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of columnar cells that vary in height w/ cilia ; mimic stratification

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23
Q

function / location of ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium ?

A

secretion of mucus in respiratory system, etc.
- trachea / upper respiratory tract
- male reproductive system

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24
Q

effects of smoking on cilia ?

A

chemicals in cigarettes destroy cilia int he upper respiratory tract
- leads to “smokers cough”
- unable to push out mucus / debris automatically

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25
7 types of connective tissue ?
cells scattered throughout protein matrix - loose areolar - dense regular - dense irregular - loose adipose - hyaline cartilage - compact bone - blood
26
loose areolar connective tissue
matrix is loose weave of fiber in watery fluid; binds tissues together, stretchy
27
3 types of loose areolar connective tissue ?
- fibroblasts (make gel-like matrix for tissues) - collagen fibers (strong, rope-ish protein) - elastic fibers (stretchy / strong)
28
functions / locations of loose areolar connective tissue ?
wraps / cushions organs, holds underlying tissue / organs in place - under skin - surfaces that line internal cavity
29
elastic fiber characteristics (loose areolar connective tissue) ?
thin hair-like fibers usually stained darker - provide elasticity
30
collagen fiber characteristics (loose areolar connective tissue) ?
thicker usually lighter stain - provide strength
31
fibroblasts (loose areolar connective tissue) ?
cell w/ visual nucleus - makes / secretes protein fibers of ECM
32
dense regular connective tissue
usually tightly packed parallel collagen fibers; fibroblast nucleus usually flattened
33
functions / locations of dense regular tissue
form tendons / ligaments - literally just tendons / ligaments
34
tendon
dense regular tissue; attaches muscles to bone
35
ligament
dense regular tissue; attaches bone to bone (joints)
36
dense irregular connective tissue
irregular / random arrangement of collagen fibers
37
functions / location of dense irregular connective tissue ?
structural strength - joints - subcutaneous (dermis) layer (under epidermis) - around muscle
38
loose adipose connective tissue
fat cells; closely packed adipose cells in a matrix - nuclei are pushed to edges of cell by large fat droplets
39
function / location of loose adipose connective tissue ?
cushion / insulate body (decrease heat loss); energy storage - under skin - around breasts - around organs
40
hyaline cartilage connective tissue
collagen fibers embedded in rubbery material - produced in chondrocytes - chondrocytes in lacunae
41
function / support of hyaline cartilage connective tissue ?
support / cushion; forms shock absorbing surface - ears / nose - embryonic skeletons - ends of some bones - between vertebrae
42
compact bone connective tissue
hard matrix containing collagen fibers; - consists of closely packed osteons - osteons contain central canal - produced by osteocytes - osteocytes located in lacunae - canalicula connect lacunae
43
function / location of compact bone connective tissue ?
support / protect, site for muscles to push / pull, store calcium, blood production site - bones
44
osteon
basic circular unit of bone tissues
45
central canal
darker center circle of osteons - where blood / nerves pass through
46
lacunae
darker ovul-ish area going in circles around central canal - where osteocytes are trapped
47
canaliculi
thin canals going in circles around central canal - connects multiple lacunae together
48
blood connective tissue
RBC, WBC, platelets all in a fluid matrix
49
function / location of blood connective tissue ?
transport of nutrients, respiratory gas, waste - within blood vessels
50
RBC
red blood cells - gray / pinkish spheres - most abundant - same general shape
51
WBC
white blood cells - very few in number - dark bright purple staining
52
platelets
not actually cells, bits of plasma membrane that aid in clotting - extremely small particles
53
muscle tissue
long cells of muscle fibers containing contractile proteins
54
3 types of muscle tissue
- skeletal - cardiac - smooth
55
which muscle tissue(s) have voluntary movement ?
only skeletal
56
which muscle tissue(s) have involuntary movement ?
cardiac and smooth
57
which muscle tissue(s) are striated ?
skeletal and smooth
58
which muscle tissue(s) are non-striated ?
only smooth
59
skeletal muscle tissue
long cylindrical shaped multinucleated cells - held in sheath called sarcolemma - STRIATED
60
function / location of skeletal muscle tissue ?
voluntary movement / locomotion - attached to bones
61
smooth muscle tissue
spindle shaped cells w/ central nuclei - NON-STRIATED - arranged in sheets
62
function / location of smooth muscle tissue ?
involuntary movement of food / substances / contractions - walls of digestive tracts (intestines, esophagus, etc.) - arteries - other hollow organs
63
cardiac muscle tissue
branched / STRIATED muscle connected by INTERCALATED DISKS - one nucleus per cell - held in sheath called sarcolemma
64
function / location of cardiac muscle tissue
involuntary movement of circulatory system - contractile tissue of heart
65
intercalated disks
junction between two cardiac muscle tissue - allow for electrical movement (synchronous beating of heart)
66
nervous tissue
carry signals by conducting electrical pulses - sense stimuli - rapid transmission of info
67
function / location of nervous tissue ?
transmit signals through body (communication) - brain - spinal cord - nerves
68
neuron
composed of axon, dendrite, cell body,
69
axon
thicker than dendrites - carries signal away from cell body to another neuron
70
dendrites
thinner / more of them than axons - receives signal from another neuron
71
myelin sheath
fatty insulated layer around axon - causes electrical impulses to speed up - comes from schwann cells
72
schwann cell
specialized cell that produces myelin sheaths
73
nodes of ranvier
gaps between schwann cells

BIO110 (12 decks)

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