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Path year 5 > Histopath - Skin Pathology > Flashcards

Histopath - Skin Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 broad layers of skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subdermis

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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

(Corn Lovers Grow Some Bales lol)

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3
Q

What are the main cells of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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4
Q

How do the keratinocytes move through the epidermis?

A

From the stratum basale, upwards to the corneum where they shed off and are renewed every 15-30 days

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5
Q

What can be found in the dermis?

A

Collagen
Elastin fibres
Eccrine swear glands
Sebaceous glands
Hair follicles
+ highly vascular

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6
Q

Function of subcutaneous tissue

A

Fatty tissue acts as shock absorber

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7
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Increase in S. corneum / increased keratin

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8
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

Thickening of skin due to scratching as a result of abnormal retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum

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9
Q

What is acanthosis?

A

Increase in stratum spinosum layer

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10
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Decreased cohesions between keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

Intercellular oedema between keratinocytes

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12
Q

What is lentiginous?

A

Linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within stratum basale

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13
Q

What would you see in vesiculobullous lesions?

A

Bullae

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14
Q

What would you see in spongiotic lesions?

A

Oedema

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15
Q

What would you see in psoriaform lesions?

A

Thickened skin

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16
Q

What would you see in lichenoid lesions?

A

Sheeny plaque

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17
Q

What is the presentation of eczema/dermatitis?

A

Inflamed, dry itchy rashes

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18
Q

Acute histology of eczema/dermatitis

A

Spongiosis, inflammatory infiltrate in dermis, dilated dermal capillaries

19
Q

Chronic histology of eczema/dermatitis

A

Acanthosis, hyperparakeratosis, crusting, scaling

20
Q

What is presentation of psoriasis?

A

Well demarcated pink scaly plaques

21
Q

Histology of psoriasis

A

Parakeratosis, loss of stratum granulosum

22
Q

4 types of bullous diseases

A
  1. Dermatitis herpetiformis
  2. Bullous pemphigoid
  3. Pemphigus vulgaris
  4. Pemphigus foeliaceus
23
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?

A

Coeliac

24
Q

Pathophysiology of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

IgA Abs bind to basement membrane -> subepidermal bulla

25
Q

Clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Itchy vesicles on extensor surfaces of elbows, buttocks

26
Q

Histology of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Microabscesses
Subepidermal bullae
Neutrophil & IgA deposits

27
Q

Pathophysiology of Bullous pemphigoid

A

IgG Abs bind to hemidesmosomes of basement membrane -> subepidermal bulla

28
Q

Clinical features of Bullous pemphigoid

A

Large tense bullae on erythematous base

29
Q

Histology of Bullous pemphigoid

A

Subepidermal bulla with eosinophils
Linear deposition of IgG along basement membrane

30
Q

Pathophysiology of Pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG Abs bind to demosome proteins 1,3 -> intraepidermal bulla

31
Q

Clinical features of Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Easily ruptured (red, raw) flaccid blisters

32
Q

Histology of Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Intraepidermal bulla
Netlike pattern of intercellular IgG deposits

33
Q

Pathophysiology of Pemphigus foliaceus

A

IgG Ab against desmoglein 1 attacks outer layer of keratinocytes on stratum corneum

34
Q

Clinical features of Pemphigus foliaceus

A

V rare
No intact bullae
Appears excoriated

35
Q

Histology of Pemphigus foliaceus

A

3 levels of split

36
Q

3 types of skin cancers

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Basal cell carcinoma
  3. Melanoma
37
Q

Most common kind of skin cancer

A

BCC

38
Q

What is the pre-malignant stage of SCC called?

A

Bowen’s disease

39
Q

When does SCC become malignant?

A

Once it has invaded basement membrane

40
Q

Clinical feature of SCC

A

Ulcerates

41
Q

Clinical feature of BCC

A

Pearly-rolled edge, often with telangiectasia

42
Q

What are benign melanocytic lesions called?

A

Naevi/moles

43
Q

Histology of malignat melanoma

A

Atypical melanocytes - initially growing horizontally in epidermis (radial growth phase), then vertical growth into dermis

44
Q

What is the staging system used for prognosis of malignant melanomas?

A

Breslow thickness

Path year 5 (48 decks)

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