Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations Flashcards
(17 cards)
Alfred Binet
a pioneer in the field of intelligence testing. Developed the world’s first official IQ test.
James McKeen Cattell
The psychologist who is credited with coining the term “mental test.”
Among his many accomplishments, he was a founding member of the APA and that organization’s fourth president.
Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
defines the standard of care expected of members of that profession
Culture
The socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people
Francis Galton
credited with devising or contributing to the development of many contemporary tools of psychological assessment, including questionnaires, rating scales, and self-report inventories.
Henry H. Goddard
conducted research on intelligence and mental deficiency
Hobson v. Henson
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that ability tests developed on whites could not lawfully be used to track Black students in the school system. To do so could result in resegregation of desegregated schools.
Informed consent
Permission to proceed with a (typically) diagnostic, evaluative, or therapeutic service on the basis of knowledge about the service and its risks and potential benefits
Jaffee v. Redmond
Communication between a psychotherapist and a patient (and presumably a psychological assessor and a client) is privileged in federal courts
Larry P. v. Riles
California judge ruled that the use of intelligence tests to place Black children in special classes had a discriminatory influence because the tests were “racially and culturally biased.”
Privileged information
Data protected by law from disclosure in a legal proceeding; typically, exceptions to privilege are also noted in law
Projective test
When an individual is assumed to “project” onto some ambiguous stimulus his or her own unique needs, fears, hopes, and motivation
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
covers issues related to test construction and evaluation, test administration and use, and special applications of tests, such as special considerations when testing linguistic minorities
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
Therapists (and presumably psychological assessors) must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered. In the words of the Court, “Protective privilege ends where the public peril begins.”
David Wechsler
introduced a test designed to measure adult intelligence.
Lightner Witmer
“little-known founder of clinical psychology”
founded the first psychological clinic in the United States at the University of Pennsylvania.
Wilhelm Max Wundt
“father of experimental psychology.”
Tried to formulate a general description of human abilities with respect to variables such as reaction time, perception, and attention span
