Validity

Question 1

Base Rate

Answer 1

An index, usually expressed as a proportion, of the extent to which a particular trait, behavior, characteristic, or attribute exists in a population

Question 2

Bias

Answer 2

s applied to tests, a factor inherent within a test that systematically prevents accurate, impartial measurement

Question 3

Concurrent Validity

Answer 3

form of criterion-related validity that is an index of the degree to which a test score is related to some criterion measure obtained at the same time

Question 4

Content Validity

Answer 4

Describes a judgment of how adequately a test samples behavior representative of the universe of behavior that the test was designed to sample

Question 5

Convergent validity

Answer 5

a type of construct validity that assesses the extent to which different measures or instruments designed to assess the same construct yield similar results

Question 6

Criterion-related validity

Answer 6

A judgment regarding how adequately a score or index on a test or other tool of measurement can be used to infer an individual’s most probable standing on some measure of interest

Question 7

Discriminant evidence

Answer 7

data from a test or other measurement instrument showing little relationship between test scores or other variables with which the scores on the test being construct-validated should not theoretically be correlated

Question 8

Face Validity

Answer 8

A judgment regarding how well a test or other tool of measurement measures what it purports to measure that is based solely on “appearances,” such as the content of the test’s items

Question 9

Factor Analysis

Answer 9

A class of mathematical procedures, frequently employed as data reduction methods, designed to identify variables on which people may differ (or factors)

Question 10

Factor loading

Answer 10

metaphor suggesting that a test (or an individual test item) carries with it or “loads” on a certain amount of one or more abilities that, in turn, have a determining influence on the test score (or on the response to the individual test item)

Question 11

Fairness

Answer 11

the extent to which a test is used in an impartial, just, and equitable way

Question 12

Predictive validity

Answer 12

A form of criterion-related validity that is an index of the degree to which a test score predicts some criterion measure