Of Tests and Testing Flashcards
(20 cards)
Age Norms
Norms specifically designed to compare a testtaker’s score with those of same-age peers
Grade Norms
Norms specifically designed to compare a testtaker’s score with peers in the same grade or year in school
Classical test theory (CTT)
a system of assumptions about measurement that includes the notion that a test score (and even a response to an individual item) is composed of a relatively stable component that actually is what the test or individual item is designed to measure, as well as a component that is error
Construct
An informed, scientific idea developed or generated to describe or explain behavior
criterion-referenced testing and assessment
a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual’s score with reference to a set standard
Norm-referenced testing and assessment
A method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to scores of a group of testtakers on the same test
Incidental sample
the process of arbitrarily selecting some people to be part of a sample because they are readily available, not because they are most representative of the population being studied
National norms
Norms derived from a standardization sample that was nationally representative of the population
Norm
The test performance data of a group of testtakers, designed as a reference for evaluating, interpreting, or otherwise placing in context individual test scores
Percentile
An expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score, or a converted score that refers to a percentage of testtakers
Race norming
The controversial practice of norming on the basis of race or ethnic background
Purposive sampling
The arbitrary selection of people to be part of a sample because they are thought to be representative of the population being studied
stratified-random sampling
The process of developing a sample based on specific subgroups of a population in which every member has the same chance of being included in the sample
Sampling
A general reference to the process of developing a sample
State
(1) As in personality state, the transitory exhibition of a trait, indicative of a relatively temporary predisposition to behave in a particular way
(2) in psychoanalytic theory, an inferred psychodynamic disposition designed to convey the dynamic quality of id, ego, and superego in perpetual conflict
Standardized Test
A process of test development wherein the test is administered to a representative sample of testtakers under clearly specified conditions and the data are scored and interpreted; the results establish a context for future test administrations with other testtakers
Trait
Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another
Stratified sampling
The process of developing a sample based on specific subgroups of a population
Subgroup norms
Norms for any defined group within a larger group
True Score Theory
genuinely reflects an individual’s ability (or trait) level as measured by a particular test
