Intelligence and Its Measurements Flashcards
(27 cards)
Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory
a comprehensive model of cognitive abilities that organizes intelligence into a hierarchical structure, combining the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) with a three-stratum model of cognitive abilities
Cross-battery assessment
a time-efficient approach that uses data from multiple cognitive, achievement, and neuropsychological test batteries to provide a more comprehensive understanding of an individual’s abilities than a single battery alone
Culture-fair intelligence test
A test or assessment process designed to minimize the influence of culture on various aspects of the evaluation procedures, such as the administration instructions, the item content, the responses required of the testtaker, and the interpretations made from the resulting data
Culture-free intelligence test
In psychometrics, the ideal of a test that is devoid of the influence of any particular culture and therefore does not favor people from any culture
Culture loading
An index of the magnitude to which a test incorporates the vocabulary, concepts, traditions, knowledge, and feelings associated with a particular culture
Flynn effect
“Intelligence inflation”; the fact that intelligence measured using a normed instrument rises each year after the test was normed, usually in the absence of any academic dividend
g factor of intelligence
In Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence, the general factor of intelligence; also, the factor that is measured to greater or lesser degrees by all tests of intelligence
Hierarchical model
a way of organizing information or concepts in a layered structure, where higher-level variables or constructs influence lower-level ones
Information processing theories
A way of looking at intelligence that focuses on how information is processed rather than what is processed
Intelligence
A multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in different ways across the life span but in general includes the abilities and capacities to acquire and apply knowledge, to reason effectively and logically, to exhibit sound judgment, to be perceptive, intuitive, mentally alert, and able to find the right words and thoughts with facility, and to be able to cope with and adjust to new situations and new types of problems
Interactionism
The belief that heredity and environment interact to influence the development of one’s mental capacity and abilities
Predeterminism
the belief that all events, including human actions and choices, are predetermined and not subject to free will
Psychoeducational assessment
a comprehensive evaluation that examines a student’s cognitive, academic, and sometimes social-emotional functioning to identify learning and behavioral challenges and inform educational interventions
Schema
a mental framework or blueprint that helps organize and interpret information about the world
Three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities.
John B. Carroll’s conception of mental abilities and processing classified by three levels or strata, with g at the broadest level followed by eight abilities or processes at the second level and a number of more narrowly defined abilities and processes at the third level
Adaptive testing
An examination method or procedure characterized by individually tailoring presentation of items to the testtaker; also referred to as tailored testing, sequential testing, branched testing, and response-contingent testing
Armed services vocational aptitude battery (ASVAB)
administered to prospective new recruits in all the armed services. It is also made available to high-school students and other young adults who seek guidance and counseling about their future education and career plans
Ceiling
The highest-level item of a subtest
Ceiling level
A stage in a test achieved by a testtaker as a result of meeting some preset criterion to discontinue testing-for example, responding incorrectly to two consecutive items on an ability test that contains increasingly difficult items may establish a presumed “ceiling” on the testtaker’s ability
Floor
The lowest level of the items on a subtest
Deviation IQ
test composite and represents an index of intelligence derived from a comparison between the performance of an individual testtaker and the performance of other testtakers of the same age in the test’s standardization sample
Ratio IQ
An index of intelligence derived from the ratio of the testtaker’s mental age (as calculated from a test) divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100 to eliminate decimals
Extra-test behavior
Observations made by an examiner regarding what the examinee does and how the examinee reacts during the course of testing (e.g., how the testtaker copes with frustration;
how much support the testtaker seems to require; how anxious, fatigued, cooperative, or distractible the testtaker is)
that are indirectly related to the test’s specific content but of possible significance to interpretations regarding the testtaker’s performance
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A widely used, shorthand reference to intelligence that echoes back from days now long gone when a testtaker’s mental age as determined by a test was divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 to determine the “intelligence quotient..”
