history : American West the early settlement of the West 1835-1862

Question 1

when was the early settlement of the Plains?

Answer 1

1835-1862

Question 2

there were many different tribes. some where large and called nations. give an example?

Answer 2

the Sioux nation

Question 3

what tribes made up the Sioux?

Answer 3

Lakota, Dakota and Nakota tribes

Question 4

what were the leaders of the Sioux called?

Answer 4

chiefs

Question 5

what did the plains Indians have that included young men who were brave and skilled fighters?

Answer 5

warrior brotherhoods

Question 6

what did survival depend on in the Plains?

Answer 6

hunting buffalo

Question 7

name two examples of materials used to make something on the Plains?

Answer 7

sinews as a bowstring and tongue as a hairbrush

Question 8

where did many tribes move to in the harsh winters?

Answer 8

into lodges made of earth and timber logs.

Question 9

why were horses important to the Plains Indians?

Answer 9

they were used for hunting and were a sign of wealth .

Question 10

how many horses did the Hunkpapa Sioux tribe have in 1870?

Answer 10

3500

Question 11

how did the Plains Indians believe they could contact the spirit world?

Answer 11

” vision quests”, guided by the spirit animals and special dances such as the Sun Dance

Question 12

what lands were sacred to the Plains Indians?

Answer 12

Black Hills of South Dakota

Question 13

how did the Lakota people believe they were created?

Answer 13

in a special cave in the Black Hills by the Great Spirit.

Question 14

what was seen as disrespectful by some Plains Indians?

Answer 14

farming or mining

Question 15

living on the Plains was difficult so the Plains Indians did what to each other?

Answer 15

raided each other for food, horses, weapons and people.

Question 16

what was the “counting coup” tactic

Answer 16

a warrior would hit or touch enemies and get away without being injured or killed.

Question 17

what did counting coup require?

Answer 17

huge levels of skills of bravery

Question 18

why did the Americans believe they had more right to the US land?

Answer 18

because they were trying to improve it and farm it

Question 19

when was the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 19

1830

Question 20

where did the Indian Removal Act force Indians to go ?

Answer 20

West of the Mississipi

Question 21

how many Indians moved after the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 21

over 46,000

Question 22

when was the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act?

Answer 22

1843

Question 23

what did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act involve?

Answer 23

sets out a border between the USA and Indian territory.

Question 24

what did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act stop?

Answer 24

stopped whites from settling onto Indian lands and prevented the sales of guns or alcohol to Indians by white traders

Question 25

when was the US victory in the Mexican-American war?

Answer 25

1848

Question 26

what did the Us victory in the Mexican American war mean?

Answer 26

Gained territory such as California which meant that Indian lands were now in the middle of the USA.

Question 27

when was the Indian Appropriations act?

Answer 27

1851

Question 28

what did the Indian Appropriations act fund ?

Answer 28

the moving of the American Indians to reservations in modern day Oklahoma

Question 29

why did the economic crash encourage people to move west?

Answer 29

unemployment was as high as 25% in some areas

Question 30

when was the economic crash?

Answer 30

1837

Question 31

what encouraged people to move west?

Answer 31

Rich farmland In Oregon, the Oregon Trail made it easier to cross, gold rush, propaganda and manifest destiny

Question 32

when was the Oregon trail first publicised ?

Answer 32

1825

Question 33

who was the Oregon trail publicised by and who first used it?

Answer 33

Jedidiah Smith and it was first used by fur- trappers

Question 34

what did the Oregon trail enable?

Answer 34

large families to move westward

Question 35

when was the Transcontinental railroad used as the main method of travelling west?

Answer 35

by 1869

Question 36

How much did the government provide for an expedition to map the Oregon Trail?

Answer 36

$30,000

Question 37

by 1846, more than how many people had travelled across the Oregon Trail?

Answer 37

5,000

Question 38

when was the Gold Rush?

Answer 38

1849

Question 39

how many people left for the East of California due to the Gold Rush?

Answer 39

100,000

Question 40

by 1855, California's population reached what ?

Answer 40

300,000

Question 41

due to the Gold Rush many people left for the West to be involved in what professions?

Answer 41

shopkeepers, bartenders and traders

Question 42

what is manifest destiny?

Answer 42

the belief that white Americans had the right to populate all areas of America, it was Gods will

Question 43

How did the Gold Rush consequently promote the image of the West?

Answer 43

farming in California grew, rapid growth of mining towns led to problems with law and order and new migrants murdered or enslaved Indians to get them out of the way.

Question 44

what were the main problems with migration?

Answer 44

getting stuck, falling ill or running out of supplies

Question 45

at least how many people were thought to have dies along the Oregon trail?

Answer 45

20,000

Question 46

when did the donner party travel across the Oregon trail?

Answer 46

in 1846

Question 47

how many migrants were led by the Donner Brothers ?

Answer 47

300

Question 48

The donner party was well equipped but the dominant age group was what?

Answer 48

elderly

Question 49

where did the donner party split at ?

Answer 49

fort bridger in the rocky mountains as they decided to try a new shortcut

Question 50

the short cut turned out to be what?

Answer 50

it took longer and by mid October the party had only reached the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Question 51

what happened to their livestock when they were trapped in the sierra Nevada mountains in winter?

Answer 51

they died

Question 52

how many people died in the Donner Party?

Answer 52

40, including George Donner

Question 53

when and why did the Mormon migration happen?

Answer 53

ordered to leave Illinois in 1845 after rioters murdered their leader Joseph Smith

Question 54

when was the Mormon migration?

Answer 54

1846-1847

Question 55

how did staying in Omaha make the Mormon migration successful?

Answer 55

they stayed until spring to avoid the hard winter.

Question 56

how did the Mormon advance party make the Mormon migration successful?

Answer 56

they were supplied with enough food for a year and had a portable boat to get over river crossings

Question 57

how did the advance party make the Mormon migration successful regarding agriculture?

Answer 57

they planted crops and located water sources

Question 58

how was Brigham Young prepared for the trip?

Answer 58

he consulted trail guides, split the Mormons into small manageable groups

Question 59

how many families and wagons travelled in the Mormon migration, allowing Young to plan the logistics of the trip?

Answer 59

3,000 families with 2,500 wagons

Question 60

what did Brigham Young teach the migrants to do ?

Answer 60

form their wagons into a circle to keep livestock safe and regular stops were planned

Question 61

the Mormons succeeded through obeying Young because they believed he was what?

Answer 61

Gods prophet

Question 62

the Mormons succeeded through building what?

Answer 62

irrigation systems from the freshwater streams of the Great salt Lake .

Question 63

what did the irrigation systems mean for the Mormans?

Answer 63

they had water to grow crops

Question 64

conditions in California and Oregon were great for what?

Answer 64

farming

Question 65

by when were farmers producing so much wheat that they began exporting grain to Europe?

Answer 65

1850's

Question 66

by the 1850'a settlement increased where?

Answer 66

on the Great Plains and the two new territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Question 67

no whites had farmed on the great plains therefore it was difficult because?

Answer 67

hot , dry conditions, difficult to plough and tangled roots

Question 68

how did white migrants cause problems top the Indians?

Answer 68

they killed buffalo and their oxen ate the grass needed for the Indians and their horses

Question 69

when was the treaty of Fort Laramie?

Answer 69

1851

Question 70

how was there problems from the beginning of the treaty of fort laramie?

Answer 70

the government wanted each tribe to send a chief to represent them but tribes didn't work in this way so many tribes didn't attend

Question 71

in the treaty of fort Laramie what did the government want to agree on with the Indians but it didn't work?

Answer 71

boundaries but the Indians didn't understand it as they didn't use land with boundaries.

Question 72

the treaty of fort Laramie promised plains Indians they would be protected from who?

Answer 72

the white Americans

Question 73

the treaty of fort Laramie paid how much annual payments to the Indians?

Answer 73

$50,000

Question 74

the plains Indians were only aloud their annuities if they kept to what agreements?

Answer 74

the government could build roads on their lands, no fighting between tribes and the permission of allowing railroad companies to enter their land.

Question 75

how was the treaty of fort Laramie significant ?

Answer 75

it was the first time Indians had to live b y boundaries and the first time white settlers could cross Indian land

Question 76

how did the treaty of fort Laramie fail?

Answer 76

the plains Indians continued to fight and migrants didn't stick to the Oregon trail

Question 77

how did the gold rush affect problems with law and order?

Answer 77

mass migration and settlement that the law enforcement couldn't handle

Question 78

how did mining camps cause problems with law and order?

Answer 78

claim jumping, salting a claim, prostitution and tension between different ethnic groups

Question 79

when was there a huge increase in Chinese migrants?

Answer 79

1952

Question 80

why was there an increase in Chinese migrants?

Answer 80

famine in china

Question 81

what did the population of Chinese migrants go to in 1851-1852?

Answer 81

2,000 to 20,000

Question 82

when was there a crime wave in san Francisco ?

Answer 82

1851

Question 83

what was the crime wave in san Francisco caused by?

Answer 83

unemployment and racist crimes

Question 84

when could a territory apply to be a state and become under control by the federal government?

Answer 84

when there population is over 60,000

Question 85

when could a territory elect a sherrif?

Answer 85

when they have a population of over 5000

Question 86

a Kansas sheriff would have covered how much land on horseback?

Answer 86

200,000km2

Question 87

mining communities got together and created what?

Answer 87

rules to govern mining and their own court with a judge

Question 88

when did vigilance committees happen in san Francisco?

Answer 88

1851

Question 89

where did vigilance committees spread to and what did they often lead to?

Answer 89

spread to mining towns and often led to lynching

Question 90

white americans were encouraged to do what?

Answer 90

murder Californian Indians

Question 91

laws that discriminated against the Chinese did what?

Answer 91

tax more