History and Viruses Flashcards
(55 cards)
Historic White Dudes Pt 1 Lazzaro Spallanzani Girolama Fracastoro Robert Hooke Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Ignazio Semmelweiss
Lazzaro Spallanzani: evidence to refure theory of spontaneous generation of life
Girolama Fracastoro: suggested transferable spores caused disease
Robert Hooke: first to see cells in thin slices of cork using crude microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: inventor of microscope
Ignazio Semmelweiss: hand washing 19th C
Historic White Dudes Pt 2 Joseph Lister Edward Jenner Robert Kock Hans Christian Gram Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister: surgical asepsis using carbolic acid
Edward Jenner: smallpox vaccine from cox pox in milkmaids
Robert Kock: father of microbio ID bacillus that created anthrax and 4 postulates (later card)
Hans Christian Gram: 7 step process for staining bacteria (later card)
Louis Pasteur: invented pasteurization, proposed germ theory, developed vax against rabies and anthrax
4 postulates of Robert Kock
1) agent must be found in all pts w/disease
2) must be able to prep a pure culture of agent
3) injected agent must cause same disease in new pt
4) must recover same org from newly infected pt
7 steps of gram staining
1) Crystal violet (blue) leave 1 minutes
2) wash off H2O
3) Iodine (mordant-fixer) leave 1 minutes
4) wash off H2O
5) acetone alcohol 5 s
6) counter stain w/safranin (red) for 20s
7) wash off H2O
Historic White Dudes Pt 3 Paul Ehrlich Alexander Fleming Dmitri Ivanowski Ernst Ruska Fredrick Griffith
Paul Ehrlich: chemicals that kill syphilis, sulfa drugs and salvarsan
Alexander Fleming: discovered penicillin
Dmitri Ivanowski: 1st to postulate existence of viruses while working w/infected tobacco plants
Ernst Ruska: 1st electron microscope to prove existence of viruses
Fredrick Griffith: Discovered transformation of non-virulent bacteria to more virulent form
Historic White Dudes Pt 4 Walter Reed Jonas Salk Albert Sabin Stanley Prusiner Barry Marshall
Walter Reed: mosquitoes carry yellow fever
Jonas Salk: vax from killed polio organisms
Albert Sabin: vax from attenuated live polio virus
Stanley Prusiner: coined prion for protein particle diseases (mad cow and Creutzfeld Jacob)
Barry Marshall: PUD caused by H. Pylori
Compare microbio of virus, bacteria
Virus: acellular, no nucleus, can have DNA or RNA, chromosomes are nucleocapsid, no ribosomes, cell wall or membrane sterols
Bacteria: prokaryote, no nucleus, has DNA and RNA, 1 chromosome 70S ribosome, peptidoglycan cell wall and no membrane sterols
Compare fungi and parasite cell makeup
Fungi: eukaryote, DNA and RNA, >1 chromosome, 80S ribosome, chitin cell wall, ergosterol in membrane
Parasites: Eukaryotes with DNA and RNA, >1 chromosome, 80S ribosome, no cell wall but steral membrane
Define:
Pathogenicity
Invasion
Virulence
Path: ability to cause disease
Inv: ability to penetrate hose defense (C. perfringens has collagenase and S. Aureus has hyaluronidase)
Virulence: ability to cause serious illness, some micro-org produce toxins harmful to humans (Clost botulinum)
Define, example Nosocomial Iatrogenic Symbiosis Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism
Nosocomial: hospital acquired infxn - C. Diff
Iatrogenic: disease caused by health pros; not wash hands
Symbiosis: two dissimilar orgs living together
Commensalism: normal bacterial flora - non path E. coli so anaerobes can grow
Parasitism: one org benefits and other harmed; intestinal worms (hookworms) cause iron def anemia
Mutualism: both org benefit; Vit K producing bacteria like E. Coli
Bacterial growth phases! Lag Log Stationary Death
Lag: # of cells constant in prep for growth; met activity w/o division
Log: exponential growth
Stationary: new growth matches rate where they die off as organism runs out of nutrients
Death: all nutrients used up and bacteria start to die due to buildup of waste products
Disease triangle
Host - human, agent - microbe, environement
How do viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites promote survival?
Viruses - antigenic shift
Bacteria and fungi - spores
Parasites - cysts
Double stranded RNA viruses
REO, Rota virus
RNA single stranded - sense viuses
Paramyxo (mump/measles) Rhabdo (rabies) Orthomyxo (HN influenza) Filo (Ebola) Arena (Lassa fever) Bunya (CEE, congo fever)
RNA single stranded + sense non-enveloped icosahedral viruses
Calici (Norwalk, Hep E) Polio Echo (meningitis) Rhino (URTI) Coxsackie (diarrhea, HFM) Hep A
RNA single stranded + sense enveloped icosahedral viruses
Flavi (hep C, yellow fever, dengue, west nice, St. Louis encephalitis)
Retro (HIV)
Toga (Rubella, WEE< VEE)
RNA single stranded + sense enveloped helical viruses
Corona (cold, SARS, MERS)
DNA single stranded viruses
Parvo B19 (5th disease)
DNA double stranded naked viruses
HPV
Adeno (pharyngitits, conjunctivitis)
Polyoma (JC/BC)
DNA double stranded enveloped viruses
HepaDNA (Hep B)
Pox (variola, molluscum contagiosum)
HSV 1-8
How is herpes simplex 1/2 spread?
Direct contact
How is HHV Type 3 spread?
Aerosol droplets - chickenpox
Direct contact - herpes zoster
Mono is which virus, spread by? S/S? This virus can also cause?
HHV 4 (EBV), mucousal contact (kissing) Sore throat, fatigue, cervical lymphadenoopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, downey cells, + Paul Bunnel Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
