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The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass > History: From 30 Years' War to First World War (1618-1914) > Flashcards

History: From 30 Years' War to First World War (1618-1914) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the 30 Years’ War

Name 4 facts

A
  • 1618-48
  • Initial Cause: Started as a religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire between Protestant and Catholic states.
  • Expansion: Evolved into a broader political and territorial struggle involving most European powers.
  • Ended with the Peace of Westphalia

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2
Q

What impact did the Peace of Westphalia have on the nature of states?

A

Move away from empires/principalities to countries, with respected boundaries

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3
Q

What are the 3 principles of “sovereignty”?

A
  • Acceptance of borders of other countries
  • Don’t interfere in other countries’ events
  • Governments have a free hand in their own countries

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4
Q

The Treaty of Westphalia brought peace to Europe until what happened?

A

The Napoleonic Wars

(1803-1815)

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5
Q

Describe Napolean’s European conquests

A
  • Following French revolution
  • Military victories gave him control over much of Europe
  • Became over-extended - too many wars on too many fronts
  • Defeated by coalition (Austria, Prussia, Russia, United Kingdom)
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6
Q

Draw a map of Western Europe

A

See map

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7
Q

When was Napolean’s coup to take power from the Directory?

A

1799

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8
Q

When did Napolean declare himself emperor of France?

A

1804

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9
Q

When was the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

1805

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10
Q

Who won the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

Lord Horatio Nelson

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11
Q

Who was the Battle of Trafalgar between?

A

British Royal Navy vs. French and Spanish Navies

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12
Q

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

A

1815

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13
Q

Who was the Battle of Waterloo between?

A

France vs. British and Prussian Armies

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14
Q

Who was the Duke of Wellington?

A

Arthur Wellesley

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15
Q

Where was Napolean exiled to?

A
  • Elba (1814)
  • St Helena (1815)
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16
Q

How long was Napolean’s last rule of France for?

A

100 days (technically 93 days)

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17
Q

When were the Napoleonic Wars?

A

1803-15

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18
Q

Until when did the Treaty of Westphalia last (provide safety)?

A

Until the Napoleonic Wars

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19
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna?

A
  • 1814-15
  • Victors and vanquished came together (minus Napoleon)
  • Settlement to prevent France from threatening its neighbours
  • Make it difficult for revolutionary movements to overthrow governments

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20
Q

What did the Congress of Vienna create?

(give a phrase)

A

Concert of Vienna

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21
Q

Who unified Germany in 1871?

A

Otto von Bismarck

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22
Q

What was China’s Century of Humiliation?

A
  • 1849-1949
  • Internal turmoil
  • External aggression (e.g. Opium Wars)
  • Series of defeats and concessions to foreign powers
23
Q

What were the Opium Wars?

A
  • First Opium War (1839-1842): Triggered by China’s crackdown on British opium trade, ending in China’s defeat and loss of Hong Kong to Britain.
  • Second Opium War (1856-1860): Fought by Britain and France against China over trade disputes, resulting in expanded foreign trade rights in China.
  • Overall Impact: Led to significant foreign influence in China, marked the start of China’s “Century of Humiliation.”
24
Q

Which Chinese dynasty collapsed during the Century of Humiliation?

A

Qing Dynasty

25
Q

Which company exported opium to China?

A

British East India Company

26
Q

Who founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949?

A

Mao Zedong

27
Q

What is the argument for a strong government in China?

A

China’s current government argues that
* a China in internal disarray invites aggression from foreign powers
* and that only a strong central government can hold China together

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28
Q

Who led the charge against Japan to open up its markets in 1853?

A

United States

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29
Q

What triggered the political change in Japan in the late 1800’s?

A

Being forced to make humiliating economic and legal conecssions to outsiders

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30
Q

Who takes over from the shogun in 1868 Japan ?

A

emperor Meiji

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31
Q

Over which countries did Japan exert control in the late 1800s, as part of its imperial plan?

A
  • Korea
  • Taiwan
  • China

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32
Q

When did the USA declare independence?

A

1776

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33
Q

When was the Civil War in the US?

A

1861-65

34
Q

What was the US’s Reconstruction period?

A
  • Following Civil War (1865-77)
  • Rebuilding South and integrating freed slaves
35
Q

What was America’s Gilded Age?

A

The Gilded Age (1870s-1900) was a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the United States, marked by stark contrasts between wealth and poverty, and significant social and political challenges.

36
Q

What was the Progressive Era in the US?

A

Progressive Era (1890s-1920s): Reforms addressing industrialization’s social problems, women’s suffrage, and the beginning of U.S. global involvement.

37
Q

Who were the two dominant players in Europe at the turn of the 20th century?

A

Germany and then Britain

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38
Q

Who were the weak players at the turn of the 20th century?

Name 3

A

Fading empires…
* Ottoman Empire
* Russia
* Austria-Hungary

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39
Q

How can WW1 be understood, macro-picture?

A
  • Interplay between rising and declining powers
  • Competition among the former as to who would prevail in the coming era

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40
Q

What are the Baltic States?

A

Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania

“Little Latte Stoned”

41
Q

Name the countries of Eastern Europe

Ten of them

A
  • Russia (European part)
  • Poland
  • Czech Republic
  • Slovakia
  • Hungary
  • Romania
  • Bulgaria
  • Belarus
  • Ukraine
  • Moldova
42
Q

What triggered WW1?

A

Assissination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian-backed terrorist

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43
Q

What are the countries of the Balkans?

Name 11

A
  • Albania
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Greece
  • Kosovo
  • Montenegro
  • North Macedonia
  • Romania
  • Serbia
  • Slovenia (often included due to cultural and historical ties, though geographically it’s more in Central Europe)

The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass (16 decks)

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