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The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass > History: WW1-WW2 > Flashcards

History: WW1-WW2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was WW1 fought between?

A

Allies: Britain, France, Russia (later Italy, USA)

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman

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2
Q

What brought USA into war in 1917?

A

German submarines targeted American ships bringing supplies to Britain / France

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3
Q

Give the main details of the Gallipoli War

A
  • Lasted 1915-16
  • British/French vs. the Ottomans
  • Aim: to capture Constantinople and open Dardanelles for access to Russia
  • Ended in stalemate and evacuation
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4
Q

Who was one of the main players for the Ottomans at Gallipoli (became a national hero)?

A

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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5
Q

Who was the USA President at the time of WW1?

A

Woodrow Wilson

p15

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6
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson try to set up after WW1?

A

Leage of Nations

p15

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7
Q

Who took a different view from Woodrow Wilson on how to organise the world after WW1?

A

French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, focus on how to weaken Germany

p17

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8
Q

Who was the Russian Civil War between (and who led each side)?

A
  • Bolsheviks (Lenin)
  • Mensheviks (Martov and Axelrod)
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9
Q

Give the main points ot the Treaty of Versailles.

5 key points

A
  • End of WW1
  • Germany loses territories in Europe and all its overseas colonies
  • Reduction in size of German army
  • Germany accepts guilt and makes reparations
  • Esablishment of League of Nations

p17

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10
Q

What major blow happened against the League of Nations from its start?

A

US did not join (Senate defeated the proposal to join)

p19

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11
Q

What was the name of Germany’s parliamentary democracy after WW1?

A

The Weimar Republic

p21

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12
Q

Summarize the main points of the Great Depression

A
  • 1929-39
  • Stock market crash (speculative bubble collapses) of ~90%
  • Bank failures
  • Decline in economy by 15% (global GDP)
  • Unemployment of ~25% in USA
  • Reductions in International Trade
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13
Q

What caused German hyperinflation after WW1?

A
  • Heavy burden of reparations
  • Government prints money to pay back the loans
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14
Q

When did Hitler come to power?

A

1933

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15
Q

What is fascism?

A
  • Far-right
  • Authoritarian
  • Ultranationalist
  • Characterized by a dictatorial leader,
  • Centralized autocracy
  • Militarism
  • Forcible suppression of opposition
  • Belief in a natural social hierarchy
  • Subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race,
  • Strong regimentation of society and the economy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism

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16
Q

When did Stalin succeed Lenin?

A

1924

p22

17
Q

In the early 1930s Japan attacked China and set up a puppet state in which region?

A

Manchuria

p22

18
Q

Why was the Chinese Qing dynasty toppled in 1912?

A
  • Failure to modernize
  • Foreign encroachments on Chinese sovereignty

p22

19
Q

Mussolini invaded which country in 1935?

A

Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

p22

20
Q

The world’s policy of turning a blind eye to international aggression is known as what?

A

Appeasement

p22

21
Q

Germany’s policy of gaining living space for “Aryan” Germans in the late 1930’s was called what?

A

Lebensraum

p22

22
Q

Summarize the main German annexations/invasions leading up to WW2

A
  • Reoccupation of Rhineland (1936)
  • Annexation of Austria (Anschluss) (1938)
  • Sudetenland Crisis (1938)
  • Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1939)
  • Invasion of Poland (1939)

p22-24

23
Q

What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact?

A
  • Named for foreign ministers of Soviet Union and Germany
  • 1939
  • Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact
  • agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them
  • One week later, Germany invaded Poland and two weeks later, the Soviet Union attacked Poland in the east
24
Q

When did Churchill take over?

A

May 1940

p24

25
Q

What was the Lend-Lease program?

A

USA provides supplies the Allies between 1941-45

26
Q

At what moment was France under German control?

A

June 1940

p24

27
Q

When did Germany invade Russia?

A

June 1941

p24

28
Q

Where is Pearl Harbor?

A

Hawaii

29
Q

Why did USA formally enter WW2?

A
  • They were attacked at Pearl Harbor in 1941
  • Declared war against Japan
  • And by default against their allies - the Axis
30
Q

Why did Japan attack at Pearl Harbor?

A
  • Japan’s empire ambitions
  • Need for natural resources (oil in particular)
  • US increasingly taking side of allies
  • Natural resources were coming for imports (largely the US)
  • US impose embargo on Japan (steel, copper, iron; freezes assets - loses 94% of oil supply)
  • Japan attempts to cripple US power by striking first at Pearl Harbor (in the hope of reaching peace later)

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor

31
Q

What’s the Rape of Nanking?

A
  • 1937
  • During the Sino-Japanese War,
  • Nanking, the capital of China, falls to Japanese forces
  • To break the spirit of Chinese resistance, Japanese General Matsui Iwane ordered that the city of Nanking be destroyed.
  • Much of the city was burned, and Japanese troops launched a campaign of atrocities against civilians.
  • Japanese butchered an estimated 150,000 male “war prisoners,” massacred an additional 50,000 male civilians,
  • and raped at least 20,000 women and girls of all ages, many of whom were mutilated or killed in the process.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-rape-of-nanking

32
Q

When was the Sino-Japanese War?

A

1937-45

33
Q

What was the German invasion of Soviet Union in 1941 known as?

A

Operation Barbarossa

34
Q

Who was main person behind Japan’s strategy in WW2?

A

Prime Minister: Hideki Tojo

35
Q

Who was the Emperor of Japan during WW2?

A

Hirohito

36
Q

Which president dropped the atomic bombs on Japan?

A

Harry Truman

The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass (16 decks)

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