Order and Disorder

Question 1

How many countries does the UN recognise?

Answer 1

193

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Question 2

A political authority qualifies as a sovereign country, according to Max Weber, if it has…

Answer 2

a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within its borders

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Question 3

The bedrock of world order, since the treaty of Westphalia is what?

2 points

Answer 3

Sovereign states (who control what goes on in their countries)
Respect for borders

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Question 4

What initiative goes against sovereignty, and allows other countries to intervene in a country’s affairs in situations of atrocities?

Answer 4

Responsibilty to Protect (2005)

Question 5

When was R2P used?

Answer 5

By USA/NATO in Libya 2011

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Question 6

When can sovereignty be legitimatally violated?

Give 3 cases

Answer 6

• R2P (atrocities against its own people)
• Harbouring terrorists (like Afghanistan in 2001)
• If it attacks another country

Question 7

Name two countries that are not unanimously accepted as their own country

Answer 7

• Taiwan (recognized by less than 2 dozen)
• Kosovo (not recognized by China, Russia, Serbia)

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Question 8

Name 3 different types of world power, and give an example of each.

Answer 8

• Hegemony (US after Cold War)
• Bipolar (Cold War)
• Multipolar (early to mid C19 Europe)

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Question 9

What Israel resolution was adopted by the UN in 1947?

Answer 9

Resolution 181

Question 9

Which USA President recognized Israel on its founding?

Answer 9

Harry Truman

Question 10

Describe main points of Resolution 181

2 points

Answer 10

• One Jewish state, one Arab, JLM = International
• Land: 56% Jewish, 42% Arab

Question 11

Why might Res 181 be unfair? what’s the response?

Answer 11

• Arab population (1.4 m, was more than double the Jewish population)
• Rationale: to accommodate the increasing numbers of Jews who would immigrate there.

Question 12

How many Jews have moved to Israel since its founding?

Answer 12

3m

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah#:~:text=Since%20the%20Israeli%20Declaration%20of,million%20Jews%20have%20made%20aliyah.

Question 13

What is the population of Israel?

Answer 13

9.3m

Question 14

The birth rate in Israel is the highest in the OECD? What is it?

Answer 14

3 children per woman

Question 15

What does Finlandization mean?

Answer 15

During the Cold War, the phrase “Finlandization” was in vogue, something that derived from Finland’s careful relationship with its much more powerful neighbor, the Soviet Union.

This concept is often used to describe situations where smaller countries make significant concessions in foreign policy to accommodate a more powerful neighbor, typically to maintain their sovereignty and avoid direct confrontation or annexation.

Question 16

What rule is contained in Article 5 of NATO’s charter?

Answer 16

an attack on one is an attack on all

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Question 17

How much are NATO members expected to contribute to their defence budgets?

Answer 17

At least 2% of their GDP

(in reality most don’t do this)

Question 18

What percentage of the world lives in free/democratic countries vs. the opposite? Give example countries of each

Answer 18

• 40% - free/democratic (India, USA,…)
• Third - opposite (China…)
• Rest - somewhere in between (Mexico, Philippines,…)

Question 19

What is the concept of a “democratic peace”?

Answer 19

Democracies don’t attack each other (in reality this applies only to mature democracies)

Question 20

When was the United Nations founded?

Answer 20

1945

Question 21

Describe the UN Security Council

Answer 21

• 15 seats
• 5 permanent, 10 rotating (2 years each)
• 5 have power of veto over the UN’s actions or endorsements

Question 22

Give an example of a conflict in which the UN endorsed taking action

Answer 22

To fight against the 1990 Iraq invasion of Kuwait

Question 23

Descibe some of the problems with the UN

Mention 3

Answer 23

• General Assembly has little influence or authority
• Security Council does not count Japan, Germany, India in its permanent members
• Hard for Security Council to acheive consensus

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Question 24

When Russia blocked UN Security Council intervention into Yugoslavia in early 1990’s, how was action possible?

Answer 24

Through NATO

Question 25

Who is in the G7?

Answer 25

USA
UK
Japan
Germany
France
Italy
Canada

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Question 26

What is the international law on the use of violence

name 3 features

Answer 26

• Proportionate to provocation
• Against combatants not civilans
• Certain weapons cannot be used (e.g. chemical)

Question 27

What is the International Criminal Court?

Answer 27

• Located in the Hague
• To try those accused of war crimes
• USA is not part of it
• It cannot arrest alleged criminals

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Question 28

What is the Latin for the “right to war”

Answer 28

jus ad bellum

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Question 29

What’s the Latin for law in war?

Answer 29

jus in bello

Question 30

What’s the Latin for “law after war”?

Answer 30

jus post bellum

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Question 31

How much of a sea belongs to a country?

Answer 31

• 12 natuical miles is considered extension of country
• First 200 nautical miles - exclusive economic zone

Question 32

How many lives were lost in WW1?

Answer 32

20 million
(10m soldiers and 10m civilians)

https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/reperes112018.pdf

Question 33

How many lives were lost in WW2?

Answer 33

An estimated total of 70–85 million people perished
* Civilians 50-55m
* Military deaths from all causes totaled 21–25 million

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Question 34

Give two examples of preventitive strikes carried out by Israel

Answer 34

Israel successfully carried out preventive attacks against nuclear facilities being built in Iraq (in 1981) and Syria (in 2007).

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Question 35

Give an example of a preemptive strike carried out by Israel

Answer 35

Israel’s attack on Egyptian forces at the start of what became the June 1967 Middle East war

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Question 36

How much do countries spend on their militaries?

combined

Answer 36

$2 tn

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Question 37

Which country spends the most on military?

Answer 37

A third of total military spending is by the USA (more than the next 7 countries combined)

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Question 38

Since WW2, wars between countries have gone —, but wars within countries have gone —

Answer 38

down
up

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Question 39

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been how many conflicts per year within countries?

Answer 39

20 on average

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Question 40

How many people in the world live in fragile states (unable to control what goes on within its borders or provide the basics to its citizens)

Answer 40

1.5 billion (one in five)

Question 41

Give seven example of failed states

Answer 41

Yemen, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela, CAR, DRC, South Sudan, Libya

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Question 42

What’s secession?

Answer 42

part of the population with a common identity or geography seeks to break away and form a country of its own

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Question 43

What type of political systems is most prone to civil wars?

Answer 43

In the space between robust democracies and dictatorship

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Question 44

What’s the situation in Cyprus?

Answer 44

• Political crisis in 1970s
• Island divided into Greek and Turkish Cypriots
• Backed to this day by Turkish military presence

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Question 45

What is the liberal or rules-based order?

Answer 45

Set of international arrangements - United Nations, IMF, World Bank, GATT (later WTO) - created after WW2

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Question 46

In what way do China and Russia occupy an unusual place in the liberal world order?

Answer 46

Part of it: Perm members of UN Security Council, WTO, IMF, World Bank, Group of 20

Not part of it: Little interest in human rights, democracy, liberalism

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