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♡ > history of med chem > Flashcards

history of med chem Flashcards

1
Q

ch’ang shang, ma huang

A

Shen Nung

2735 BC

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2
Q

who discovered the chaulmoogra fruit?

used for skin problems

A

American Indians

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3
Q

where does ipecacuanha root originated?

A

Brazil

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4
Q

uses of ipecacuanha root/ipecac syrup

A
  • dysentery
  • amoebiasis
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5
Q

who is the first one to claim that chemicals could cure diseases?

A

Paracelsus

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6
Q

1805

A

morphine extracted from poppy by Serturner

not widely recognized until 1817

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7
Q

Samuel
Hahneman

A

publised Organon der rationellen Heilkunde with his unproven principle similia similibus curantur (like cures like, homeopathy)

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8
Q

whose theory does Samuel Hahneman opposed on his principle “like cures like”?

A

Galen’s

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9
Q

Pierre-Pelletier

A

isolation of emetine from ipecacuanha

1816

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10
Q

1820

A

purification of caffeine, quinine, and colchicine

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11
Q

quinine is used for

A

malaria

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12
Q

colchicine is used for

A

acute gout

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13
Q

1826

A

mass production of pharmaceutical natural product – Pelletier’s factory processed cinchona bark to produce quinine sulfate

150,000 kg bark = 3,600 kg quinine sulfate

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14
Q

Adolph Kolbe

A

synthesis of acetic acid

1845

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15
Q

John Langley

A

formulated concept of a biological receptor

a British pharmacologist, 1878

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16
Q

1886

A

first alkaloid synthesis of coniine

by Hemlock

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17
Q

Ehrlich

A

described sidechain theory

germicidal capability, disease-causing organisms

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18
Q

1898

A

first mass-production of synthetic drug, aspirin

courtesy to Bayer

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19
Q

a single most important breakthrough in psychiatric treatment

A

discovery of chlorpromazine

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20
Q

first dibenzazepine (tricyclic) antidepressant

A

imipramine

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21
Q

first commercially successful SSRI

with a budget of $1 billion

A

fluoxetine

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22
Q

first pure hormone to be isolated

A

epinephrine

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23
Q

Henry Dale

A

discovered oxytocin

1904

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24
Q

Edward Kendall

A

isolated thyroxine from the thyroid gland

1914

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25
Q

Frederick Banting and Charles Best

A

discovered insulin

1921

26
Q

first genetically engineered drug approved by US FDA

A

humulin

by Eli Lilly

27
Q

first insulin for type 1 diabetes

A

symlin

2005

28
Q

when did the first inhaled insulin made?

A

2006

29
Q

Russell Marker

A

convert diosgenin to progesterone (acid labile)

1930

30
Q

Carl Djerassi

A

synthesized norethindrone, the first orally active contraceptive steroid

with a brand name Norminest, 1950

31
Q

John Rock

A

progesterone + norethindrone

1956

32
Q

1980

A

invention of mifepristone

an abortion pill

33
Q

1994

A

mifepristone + misoprostol

aka “morning after pill” or “plan B”

34
Q

levonorgestrel is known as

A

emergcency contraceptive

35
Q

Horace Wells

A

a dentist who administered
nitrous oxide during tooth extraction

also called as the “laughing gas” - no longer used

36
Q

Crawford Long

A

used ether as an anesthetic agent

37
Q

William Morton

A

gave the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia

1846

37
Q

chloroform

A

used as an anesthetic agent at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

laudanum induces sleep

A

true

38
Q

Adolph Von Beyer

A

synthesized 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (barbital)

1864

39
Q

who introduced phenobarbital?

innovator drug name: luminal

A

Bayer Pharmaceutical Company

40
Q

modification of the ____ molecule led to the development of hydantoins

A

barbituric acid

40
Q

Albert Niemann

A

isolated cocaine from Erythroxylon coca

1860

41
Q

Carl Koller

“Coca Koller”

A

first to use cocaine for topical anesthesia in ophthalmological surgery

found that cocaine can numb the tongue

42
Q

Richard Willstater

A

determined the structure of cocaine and atropine

43
Q

William Withering

A

discovered Digitalis purpurea was beneficial to those suffering from abnormal fluid buildup

1775

44
Q

E. Humolle and T. Quevenne

A

isolated digitoxin

1841

45
Q

Sydney Smith

A

isolated digoxin

1929

46
Q

Akira Endo

A

discovered the first anticholesterol drug

1973

47
Q

Merck

A

discovered a substance nearly identical to Endo’s and named it lovastatin

brand name: mevacor, 1987

48
Q

what is the first FDA approved statin?

A

lovastatin

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard were used for leukemia therapy during WW1

A

true

50
Q

George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion

A

developed 6-mercaptopurine

the first effective leukemia drug

51
Q

the gold standard against which new medicines are compared

A

cisplatin

1893, inorganic

52
Q

Moeroe E. Wall and Masukh C. Wani

A

discovered paclitaxel (taxol) – from pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) european yew tree (Taxus baccata)

1963

53
Q

the study of carbon-based medicinal

A

organic pharmaceutical chemistry

54
Q

involves the identification, synthesis, and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use

A

medicinal chemistry

55
Q

focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products

A

pharmaceutical chemistry

56
Q

includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their structural activity relationship (SAR) or quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)

A

organic pharmaceutical chemistry

57
Q

a strategy of essential importance for chemistry and pharmacy, based on the idea that when we change the structure of a molecule then the activity or property of the substance will be modified

A

quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)

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