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midterm ! Flashcards

1
Q

QUINOLONES

used for uncomplicated gonorrhea

A

norfloxacin

in 800 mg single oral dose

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2
Q

QUINOLONES

  • its primary use is for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and chancroid
  • also an enzyme inhibitor of CYP1A2
A

enoxacin

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3
Q

QUINOLONES

has the best distribution among quinolones

the only quinolone distributed in the cerebrospinal fluid

A

ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

QUINOLONES

agent of choice for bacterial gastroenteritis

A

ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

QUINOLONES

agent of choice for the management of inhalational antharax

A

ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

QUINOLONES

this quinolone is incompatible with drugs that are alkaline

A

ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

QUINOLONES

use of ciprofloxacin + doxycycline

A

gonococcal urethritis

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8
Q

QUINOLONES

use of ciprofloxacin + ceftriaxone

A

disseminated gonorrhea

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9
Q

QUINOLONES

  • this quinolone is not effective in syphilis
  • supplied as racemate
A

ofloxacin

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10
Q

QUINOLONES

indicated for acute bacterial exacerbations caused by H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis

A

lomefloxacin

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11
Q

QUINOLONES

it has halogen in C-8 which causes phototoxicity

A

lomefloxacin

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12
Q

QUINOLONES

the only quinolone which once-daily oral dosing suffices

A

lomefloxacin

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13
Q

QUINOLONES

  • has long elimination half-life
  • used for bacterial gastroenteritis and cholecystitis
  • has the lowest incidence of phototoxicity because of the amino portion at C-5
A

sparfloxacin

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14
Q

QUINOLONES

main AEs of quinolones

A
  • arrthythmia: torsades de pointes
  • CI: ages <18, pregnant or breastfeeding women
  • arthopathy, chondrotoxicity
  • phototoxicity
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15
Q

NITROFURANS

where should the nitro portion of nitrofurans be attached to have its antimicrobial activity?

A

C-5

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16
Q

NITROFURANS

  • bactericidal
  • antiprotozoal, only against G. lamblia
A

furazolidone

17
Q

NITROFURANS

  • disrupts bacterial enzyme system
  • colors the urine brown
  • designed using large crystalline form to improve GI tolerance
A

nitrofurantoin

18
Q

METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS

what is the active agent of methenamine?

A

formaldehyde

19
Q

METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS

urease inhibitor used with methenamine

A

acetohydroxamic acid

20
Q

METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS

has the ability to furnish its own acidity thus avoid gastric disturbance

A

methenamine mandelate

21
Q

METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS

  • readily absorbed
  • concentrated in the urinary bladder
A

methenamine hippurate

22
Q

URINARY ANALGESIC

  • brick red in color
  • has local analgesic effect
  • combined with urinary antiseptics
A

phenazopyridine HCl

23
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

isoniazid is:
* ____ against replicating mo
* ____ against non-replicating mo

A
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic
24
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

MOA of isoniazid

A
  • metabolized to isonicotinic acid
  • inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
25
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

what is the major metabolite of isoniazid?

A

N-acetylisoniazid

26
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

AEs of isoniazed:
* in fast acetylators
* in slow acetylators

A
  • hepatotoxicity, hepatitis
  • peripheral neuritis

tx for peripheral neuritis: pyridoxine (vit. b6)

27
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

alternative for isoniazid

A

ethionamide

28
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

active metabolite of pyrazinamide

A

pyrazinoic acid

29
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

MOA of ethambutol

A

inhibits arabinosyl transferase

30
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

MOA of p-aminosalicylic acid

A

inihibits folic acid synthesis

31
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

  • treatment of leprosy especially dapsone-resistant forms
  • treats skin lesions caused by M. ulcerans
A

clofazimine

32
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

its adverse effects is the following:
* retrobulbar neuritis
* green-red color blindness

A

ethambutol

33
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

  • binds to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • most active agent in clinical use for tuberculosis
  • has higher hepatotoxicity with isoniazid
A

rifampin

34
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

  • enzyme inducer
  • is an orange to reddish-brown crystalline powder
A

rifampin

35
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

A

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