HISTORY SAC 3 Flashcards
(3 cards)
1
Q
political conditions (before the revolution) - autocracy
A
- Nicholas 2, had complete unlimited political power over Russia.
- elite groups (bourgerious, nobles and church leaders) helped maintain autocracy and helped him stay in control.
- workers and peasants had no political representation (had no say in politics)
2
Q
political conditions (before the revolution) - reliance on repression (harsh control)
A
- The secret police (Okhrana) targeted political opposition (those who spoke against the government)
- Protests and strikes were illegal
- The Cossacks (army) were used to stop rebellions and crushed uprisings.
- From 1906–1909, around 3,000 people were executed to scare peasants into obeying, by ‘Stolypins necktie’
- About 50,000 people were sent to Siberia in ‘Stolypins carriages’ as punishment for protesting in cities and to suppress urban unrest.
3
Q
political conditions (experiments during the revolution) - liberal reforms
A
- October manifesto (17th, oct 1905) tsar promised civil and political rights.
- male citizens of all classes voted for state duma (1906-1917), but voting weighed by social class (rich people had more power)
- Pyotr Stolypins 1907 electoral law gave the gentry 60% of the seats and took voting rights away from many poor people.
- 1st and 2nd duma dismissed by the tsar as he didn’t like them.
- after the overthrow of the tsar in 1917, the Provisional Government made plans for the constituent assembly for a new parliament.
