SOCIOLOGY SAC 1 TERM 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
culture hybridity definition (KK3)
- coined by stuart hall
- refers to new cultural forms which result from a mixture of two or more cultural influences.
- involves a process where individuals develop connections across cultural groups, identifying with and choosing elements of multiple cultures to form a blended ethnic identity.
culture hybridity example
‘Chinese- Australian’ identity that blends together elements of Chinese culture and Australian nationality.
bhabha theory
- bhabha’s theory is informed by the experiences of second generation migrants
- he describes ethnic hybridity as being a position of “in-between”
- this period of “in-between” relates to the shift from identification with one culture until the complete assimilation into another.
berry theory
according to berry there are 4 common responses by young people to this pressure:
- assimilation
- withdrawal
- marginalisation
- integration
assimilation & withdrawal
assimilation - adopt new culture and reject old culture
withdrawal – they reject new culture and hold tightly to their old culture
marginalisation & integration
marginalisation - reject both old and new cultures
Integration – maintain important aspects of their old culture while also adopting parts of their new culture
common negative experiences of cultural hybrids
- discrimination and racism
- pressure to assimilate: cultural hybrids may feel pressure to abandon their heritage in order to fit in with society.
- stereotypes “exotic”
common positive experiences of cultural hybrids
- strong sense of identity and pride: some cultural hybrids develop a positive and unique identity, feeling proud of their diverse background.
- social flexibility: ability to move comfortably between different cultural groups often leads to wider social networks.
preventer definition (KK6)
- factors that limit, obstruct or make it difficult for an individual or group to feel safe and included in multicultural australia.
enabler definition
factors that encourage, promote or make it possible for an individual or group to feel safe and included in multicultural australia.
media definition
refers to various forms of communication that reach a broad audience.
- TV
- newspapers
- websites
- social media.
media representations as enabling
social inclusion and belonging can be enabled through…
- when the media questions or disagrees with the common or popular view.
- when people belonging to ethnic groups take ownership of, or write their own, news stories related to the issues they face.
media representations as restricting
social inclusion and belonging can be prevented by…
- underrepresentation of minorities, and lack of diversity
- overrepresentation of stereotypes linked to particular ethnic groups
cultural practices definition
the manifestation of a culture’s customs and traditions; the behaviours of those who belong to a cultural group that have become normalised or routinised
responses to cultural practices as enabling
social inclusion and belonging can be enabled through…
- government efforts to preserve and celebrate the practices of ethnic groups
- public art
- positive media coverage of cultural customs, traditions and practices
responses to cultural practices as preventative
social inclusion and belonging can be prevented through…
- online harassment and bullying, based on a person’s cultural practices
- violence, verbal abuse and racist comments in public spaces
- media coverage of ethnic groups that is made by those who do not belong to, or do not accurately represent, the ethnic group
political factors definition
refers to the ways that the structures, organisation and policies of a government influence society and individual behaviour
political factors as enabling
social inclusion and belonging can be enabled through…
- the creation and enforcement of protective legislation
- recognising and awarding individuals and organisations who provide services for multicultural Australians
political Factors as preventative
social inclusion and belonging can be prevented by…
- the creation or support of activities and events that promote the discrimination of ethnic groups
- a lack of ethnic diversity amongst governmental members.
= less attention on issues that impact ethnic groups in Australia.
example of media (report study) POSITIVE
- article on website “Everyday stories helping to shape Chinese and Fijian Australians at the National Library”
- helping share Fijian Australian stories.
- A special Fijian item, a tabua (whale tooth), is part of the display.
- collecting photos, stories, and memories from Fijian Australians.
- It gives Fijian Australians more recognition in media and national history.
example media (case study) POSITIVE
- Adam and pohs Malaysia in australia
- positively shows Malaysia culture in Australia through food
“a little bit of Malaysia a little bit of Australia”
cultural practices example (report study) NEGATIVE
- article negative
- Commission investigates alleged exploitation of Fijian workers in Australia
- The Fiji Human Rights and Anti-Discrimination Commission is investigating the poor working conditions and possible exploitation of Fijians working in Australia.
- long hours, low pay, unsafe conditions, and lack of support for migrant workers.
cultural practices example (case study) POSITIVE
- GSC student dress code
- states aims of student dress code “promote sense of identity and pride, students feel equal, no bullying”
- allows jewellery of religious symbols
political example (report study) POSITIVE
- Sylvia Coombe, President of the Fijian Community Association Victoria (FCAV), was selected as a Commissioner of the Victorian Multicultural Commission in 2023.
- Focuses on public safety, migrant support, and keeping Fijian culture alive in Victoria and safety programs
