history this country - European-History_this-country_hardclues_1 Flashcards
(485 cards)
1
Q
A ruler of the Arpad Dynasty began this kingdom after its people lost the Battle of Lechfeld to Otto the Great; that ruler was (*) Saint Stephen.
A
kingdom of hungary
2
Q
While under Turkish rule, Stefan Stambulov led a rebellion here in 1876, and later, the Congress of Berlin reduced the size of this country by revising the very generous Treaty of San Stefano.
A
bulgaria
3
Q
This country was the site of the Falstad concentration camp, and its king Haakon VII was overthrown by its fascist Nasjonal
A
kingdom of norway
4
Q
This country was forced into a war over that region following the death of its final king from the House of Oldenburg, (*) Frederick VII.This country’s defeat in that war against Austria and Prussia resulted in this country ceding the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
A
kingdom of denmark
5
Q
Earlier, this country’s members of Sinn Fein started the Easter Rising, and William Gladstone supported its “Home Rule.”
A
republic of ireland
6
Q
This country was organized into communes called opštine under a system called “workers’ self-management.”
A
yugoslavia
7
Q
This country’s flag legendarily fell from the sky at the Battle of Lindanise during a campaign in Estonia, and this country fought two wars against Prussia over its territories of (*) Schleswig and Holstein.
A
kingdom of denmark
8
Q
In this modern-day country, a group known as the “Twelve Apostles” hunted down an intelligence unit called the Cairo Gang.
A
republic of ireland
9
Q
A leader of this country resigned after it was revealed that he inadvertently worked with the spy Gunther Guillaume.
A
west germany
10
Q
This followed a 4 month war with fighting was over control of the (*) Petsamo mines, Lake Ladoga, and the the Karelian Isthmus, called the Winter War.
A
finland
11
Q
It was traditionally divided into commotes.
A
wales
12
Q
This country sold its Indian colony of Tranquebar to the British East India Company in 1845.
A
kingdom of denmark
13
Q
This kingdom’s withdrawal from one colony led to a period called the Wind of Destruction.
A
belgium
14
Q
Although it was abandoned in 1966, this country began a secret nuclear weapons program to defend itself from the USSR.
A
sweden
15
Q
During World War II, this country was run by Josef Terboven, though its official Minister President was Vidkun Quisling.
A
kingdom of norway
16
Q
The remnants of Roman forces in this region became the ruling class of the kingdom of Gwent.
A
wales
17
Q
Irish national Roger Casement accused this country’s king, and his de-facto subordinates in Boma, of having soldiers sever the (*) hands of workers who had not fulfilled their rubber quotas in the Congo Free State.
A
belgium
18
Q
On this island, the holder of a position called the “lawspeaker” helped enact laws on a “law rock” called the Logberg.
A
iceland
19
Q
This country’s “normalization” era began after a university student set himself on fire, and many of its dissidents signed Charter 77 under the rule of Gustav Husak.
A
czechoslovakia
20
Q
A king of this nation that extended royal protection to Jews and invested in his country’s first university was Casimir III.
A
republic of poland
21
Q
A titular ruler of this place wears a badge depicting three white feathers.
A
wales
22
Q
This country annexed Bessarabia and Bukovina after it signed a 1939 pact named for von Ribbentrop and this country’s foreign minister, (*) Molotov, which was broken after Operation Barbarossa, the massive 1941 Nazi invasion of this country.
A
soviet union
23
Q
The Louvain University library was burned in this country.
A
kingdom of belgium
24
Q
One of that kingdom’s rulers was legendarily crowned king of this country by Pope Sylvester II in 1000 AD.
A
kingdom of hungary
25
The royal family of the Kingdom of Kongo adopted the names of this country's royal family.
kingdom of portugal
26
This country was headed by Kurt Waldheim after he was UN Secretary-General.
austria
27
This country’s longest-serving Prime Minister, Tage (“TAH-gay”) Erlander, belonged to its Social Democratic Party and helped make its air force the third largest in the world.
kingdom of sweden
28
In the 1930s, an economist from this country developed the mathematical technique of linear programming while consulting for its plywood industry.
soviet union
29
That same day, fourteen civilians were killed at Croke Park by the “Black and Tans.”
republic of ireland
30
This country’s cities of Eskilstuna and Vasteras lie in the valley of Lake Mälaren.
kingdom of sweden
31
A mayor in this country declared “I determine who is a Jew!” and constantly attacked his Jewish opponent Victor Adler.
austria
32
This country's army was criticized by a series of essays by a group of men prosecuted in the controversial JBTZ trial, which helped prompt its descent into violence in the Ten-Day War.
yugoslavia
33
It is not Morocco, but a “historic compromise” between this modern nation’s two main parties led to the Years of Lead, which saw the assassination of Aldo Moro and Operation Gladio.
republic of italy
34
Its two invasions by Russia were known as the (*) Greater Wrath and the Lesser Wrath.
finland
35
That same ruler instituted a beard tax on boyars.
russian empire
36
Another king of this country, Charles XII, lost the Battle of Poltava and the Great Northern War to Peter the Great of Russia.
sweden
37
This country experienced a gap between industrial and agricultural prices during its “scissors crisis,” which was caused by its New (*) Economic Policy.
soviet union
38
A plan by Talleyrand to partition this country was rejected in the 1830 London Conference, which acknowledged this nation’s independence.
belgium
39
Members of one of this country's political parties run for British parliament but do not take their seats.
republic of ireland
40
After Leonid Kuchma’s term ended in 2004, alleged voter fraud in this country led to the Orange Revolution and the eventual election of (*) Victor Yushchenko.
ukraine
41
Fort Apollonia was part of a namesake “Gold Coast” that this nation established on the Gulf of Guinea.
kingdom of sweden
42
This nation’s Continuation War involved an alliance with Germany partially to respond to a neighbor’s use of the Aland Islands and ended during Gustaf Mannerheim’s presidency.
finland
43
A ruler of this country founded the Arcadian Academy in Rome after being converted to Catholicism by Pope Alexander VII.
kingdom of sweden
44
The Mosin-Nagant was the main infantry rifle of this country during (*) World War II, during which it also built the T-34 tank.
soviet union
45
This country’s golden age started after the death of its King Charles (*) XII and the Treaty of Nystad.
kingdom of sweden
46
This kingdom's military attacked workers with a whip made of hippo hide called a chicote on the orders of Léon Roger.
belgium
47
In this country, journalist José Streel was executed for Nazi collaboration after Victor Matthys ordered the massacre of twenty civilians at Courcelles.
kingdom of belgium
48
The cession of Kosovo to Serbia severely hampered Ismail Qemali’s efforts to form a provisional government for this country in Vlora, which was also the proposed site of a Soviet submarine base that this country’s communist dictator refused to build.
republic of albania
49
A leader of this country was called “shorty” for his stiff leg after being appointed Reichskomissar of the Netherlands.
austria
50
One organization in this country was founded at a Gdansk Shipyard and called “Solidarity” by Lech Walesa, and helped lead to its liberation from the USSR.
republic of poland
51
During World War Two, the regent Prince Paul allied this country with the Nazis, who were resisted in this country by anti-Nazi guerrillas like the Royalist Chetniks and the Communist (*) Partisans.
yugoslavia
52
Marcher Lords governed this region’s eastern border, which was delineated by a ditch called Offa’s Dyke.
wales
53
[“Shin Fane”]party.
republic of ireland
54
Control of this island was ceded by an agreement signed by a chief named Gissur, the Old Covenant.
iceland
55
The accession of King Baudoin [bo-dwan] to the throne marked the end of this nation’s “Royal Question,” while the Ten Days campaign in this country was an attempt to suppress a revolution.
belgium
56
A 1946 International Court of Justice case concerned an incident in which this country mined two Royal Navy ships.
albania
57
This country's namesake "Insurgent Army" perpetrated massacres in Volhynia ("vol-HEE-nee-ah") under the leadership of Nazi collaborationist Stepan Bandera.
ukraine
58
Ramiz Alia succeeded a leader of this country who used the Sigurimi (“see-gur-RI-mih”) secret police.
republic of albania
59
This country’s Orthodox church pledged allegiance directly to the Patriarch of Constantinople in January 2019.
ukraine
60
This country’s queen Margaret formed the Kalmar Union in 1397.
kingdom of denmark
61
The Council of Blood was an effort to root out dissidents in this modern-day nation.
netherlands
62
The invasion of this island by a nearby foreign power led its capital to be divided along Ledra Street up until April 2008.
cyprus
63
This country’s army fought the Battle of Zborov before stealing an imperial gold reserve during a long cross-country retreat.
czechoslovakia
64
This country was home to a group of moderate Marxist thinkers called the “Praxis School.”
yugoslavia
65
Operations Manna and Chowhound sought to relieve a famine in this country called the Hunger Winter.
netherlands
66
This country's probably-lesbian Queen Christina abdicated to live with the Pope.
sweden
67
This country’s military used the term “motti” to describe groups of encircled enemy troops.
republic of finland
68
This kingdom later employed the Black Army of Mathias Corvinus.
kingdom of hungary
69
A rebellion in this country against Charles of Anjou began on the night of Vespers on a southern island in this nation.
republic of italy
70
Its King Zog was deposed by Mussolini, who attempted to invade Greece from this country, and it was formerly ruled by the communist dictator Enver Hoxha (“ho-sha”).
albania
71
Wellington House seized on the dismissal of this country's neutrality treaty as “a scrap of paper” as part of a propaganda (*) campaign that promoted tales of mass rape and bayoneted babies to rally support for a British declaration of war.
belgium
72
That humanist ruler of this kingdom assembled thousands of Greek codices in Europe's second-largest library after the Vatican Library, and created a standing force of mercenaries called the Black Army.
kingdom of hungary
73
Kurt Schuschnigg failed to deter one takeover of this country after the July Putsch assassinated his predecessor, Engelbert Dollfuss.
austria
74
The trial of Aloysius Stepinac in this country prompted an international outcry.
yugoslavia
75
It fought the Continuation War after losing its second-largest city, Viipuri, in the 1939 Winter War.
finland
76
One author from this country won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book, The Captive Mind, which had been banned by the communist government of his homeland.
republic of poland
77
A leader of this nation hurled obscenities at an art exhibition during the Manege Affair; that leader held the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in this nation.
soviet union
78
Many decisions in this country were made at a rocky cliff called the Logberg.
iceland
79
That day in 1920 became known as “Bloody Sunday.”
republic of ireland
80
Historiographical works were published in the Political Journal through the samizdat, a form of underground publishing in this nation.
soviet union
81
To commemorate a 20th century battle, the leader of one of these two countries gave the leader of the other a ceremonial sword, which his lieutenant immediately dropped.
soviet union
82
Tanks rolled into this country to enforce the new Brezhnev doctrine, ending freedoms that came to it with “socialism with a human face” under Alexander Dubcek in 1968.
czechoslovakia
83
In this nation, Lech Walesa led the “Solidarity Movement.”
republic of poland
84
It used to be the western part of the Kalmar Union.
kingdom of norway
85
The Jagiellon dynasty was founded when Jogaila married Jadwiga, queen of this nation.
republic of poland
86
A salute named after a leader of this country consists of placing the right hand over the heart with the palm facing down; that leader was almost assassinated in 1931 while at a performance of Pagliacci.
republic of albania
87
This kingdom acceded to Dutch demands by signing the Treaty of Elbing after its 1650s siege of Danzig forced Dutch intervention.
sweden
88
A photo of one leader of this country kissing a more prominent world leader during its anniversary celebration was turned into the iconic graffiti painting “My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love.”
east germany
89
The London Protocol allowed this country to hold one region as part of a personal union but not annex it.
kingdom of denmark
90
To this country’s west is the Gulf of Bothnia.
republic of finland
91
This country, which fought on the Protestant side in the (*) Thirty Years’ War, was crushed at Poltava by Peter the Great of Russia to lose the Great Northern War.
sweden
92
This nation, formed at the end of World War I, was known as the “Versailles state” under its first leader, Alexander I. In Operation Allied Force, a Chinese embassy in this country was bombed by NATO forces.
yugoslavia
93
In 2019, this country’s president called a snap election during his inauguration ceremony; that president of this country is an ex-comedian.
ukraine
94
These two countries led a joint military effort that installed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as shah of Iran.
soviet union
95
In 1920, British forces shot into a crowd of spectators watching a (*) Gaelic football match in this country's capital.
republic of ireland
96
This country’s failure to turn back a Russian invasion led to its occupation in (*) 1795, and while Napoleon freed this nation in 1807, it saw itself partitioned again in 1815 during the Congress of Vienna.
republic of poland
97
Gorm the Old and Thyra established this country's historical kingship, and were honored by their son Harald Bluetooth, who erected the Jelling Stones.
denmark
98
A leader of this country oversaw the first partition of Poland after the Confederation of the Bar revolted against her lover, Stanislaw Poniatowski [sta-nah-slov pon-yah-TOV-skee].
russian empire
99
This nation’s first ruling family was the Piast dynasty.
republic of poland
100
A student in this country set himself on fire in its capital city a year after Soviet troops invaded that city to stop the reformist efforts of (*) Alexander Dubček
czechoslovakia
101
The secret police of this country perfected a type of psychological torture whose name means “decomposition.”
east germany
102
The Bokmal dialect of this country’s language is co-official with a “new” dialect.
kingdom of norway
103
In 2016, this country's immigration minister travelled to Lesbos and jumped into the ocean while wearing a survival suit to experience what it is like to be a refugee.
kingdom of norway
104
After learning that Peter the Great might replace him as the hetman of this modern-day country’s cossacks, Ivan Mazepa aided Swedish king Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava.
ukraine
105
Zog was deposed in 1946 by Communists led by Enver Hoxha, {HOE-SHAH} and this nation would remain Communist until a 1991 revolution.
albania
106
That politician founded this country’s powerful Agrarian National Union.
bulgaria
107
In this country, Klement Gottwald was installed by the Victorious February coup after a previous leader was found dead in his pajamas.
czechoslovakia
108
The iconoclast Beeldenstorm [BE-ELD-EN-STORM] took place in this country where the Bourse (*) stock exchange was established for the United East India Company.
netherlands
109
Sensationalized rumors of a Canadian soldier crucified on a tree in this country were included in the propagandist Bryce Report on supposed massacres here.
belgium
110
The Beeldenstorm rocked this nation in 1566.
netherlands
111
The “War of [this country’s] Succession” resulted in the rule of (*) Archduchess Maria Theresa in this country that, under Frans Joseph I, merged with Hungary.
austria
112
The HMS Indefatigable was (*) sunk by German Admiral Scheer near this nation’s largest province in the 1916 Battle of Jutland, and its king Christian X wore a yellow star in solidarity with Jews during World War II.
denmark
113
The Holy Dexter was the hand of a ruler of this kingdom who also names a crown with a crooked cross worn by all his successors.
kingdom of hungary
114
In this country, a day known as,”the long Friday”, saw sausages sold out and sweets bought for employers for kids at work.
iceland
115
This country’s Partisans were led by a man who once sent a threatening letter to another world leader reading, “if you don’t stop sending killers (*) , I'll send one to Moscow.”
yugoslavia
116
This island achieved independence with the Zurich and London Agreement, and among its largest cities are Famagusta and Limassol.
cyprus
117
Uprising marked the beginning of a period known as the “Deluge.”
sweden
118
This region is west of an eight-foot-wide ditch built by Mercia, called Offa’s Dyke.
wales
119
Duroplast was used to create the Trabant car in this country, where the teenaged Peter Fechter was shot in the “death-strip” near Checkpoint (*) Charlie.
east germany
120
That leader’s rule also saw the creation of Intershops and the Karl-Marx Alley.
east germany
121
One hero of this nation converted to Christianity shortly after taking Kruje and waging a lifelong war against the Ottomans and was known as the “Dragon of” this country, while another leader of this nation fled after this nation was invaded by Italy in 1939.
albania
122
This country built the BMP-1, as well as planes nicknamed the “Flogger” and “Fishbed.”
soviet union
123
This kingdom experienced a long civil war between its Aristocratic Bagler party and rebellious Birkebeiner party.
kingdom of norway
124
In the autumn of 1977, this country faced a spate of terror attacks carried out by the Red Army Faction.
west germany
125
That leader of this nation rode a horse named Jubilee every morning.
kingdom of denmark
126
Nidaros, later known as Trondheim, is home to a cathedral that houses the relics of St. Olaf, the patron saint of this nation, who is also celebrated in a church in the city formerly known as Christiania.
norway
127
The Mukje Conference in this country sought to reconcile differences between two resistance movements in this country during World War II.
republic of albania
128
The second-in-power in this country supposedly killed himself in 1981 after allowing his son to get engaged to a dissident; that man was Mehmet Shehu.
albania
129
A state visit to this country by the Shah of Iran saw protests end in violence when a protester was shot by police outside of an opera house.
west germany
130
In the Thirty Years' War, this country's king was nicknamed "Lion of the North."
sweden
131
This country’s King Valedmar II wrote the Code of Jutland, this country’s first constitution.
kingdom of denmark
132
The fall of this nation led Francis Fukuyama to write The End of History and the Last Man, postulating an end to ideological evolution.
soviet union
133
Its post World War II economic growth was substantial, although it was far eclipsed by countries like Germany and Japan.
czechoslovakia
134
One constituent of it was taken over by the separatist Ustasha regime.
yugoslavia
135
This nation’s breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich).
yugoslavia
136
The Iron Rhine railroad was from Cologne to a city in this nation.
kingdom of belgium
137
This country is where the Ladby Ship was discovered, and a king of this country built ring fortresses with gates for each of the cardinal directions.
kingdom of denmark
138
Starting in 1965, this country carried out the Million Program which built one million publicly funded homes over 10 years.
sweden
139
The Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance was signed in the capital city of this country, and various (*) partitions divided up the land owned by Lithuania and this country.
republic of poland
140
This country’s 2004 Orange Revolution occurred after Viktor Yanukovych was accused of voter fraud.
ukraine
141
A ruler of this country died in suspicious circumstances days after he refused to deport Jews during a contentious meeting with Adolf Hitler.
bulgaria
142
This kingdom's lore appears in the Red and White Books of Hergest.
wales
143
It’s not Egypt, but in this country, the Cairo Gang was assassinated by a force led by Michael Collins.
republic of ireland
144
This country defeated the Catholic League at Breitenfeld under a leader advised by Axel (*) Oxenstierna.
sweden
145
The king of this country was forced to flee to Ottoman territory after losing the decisive Battle of (*) Poltava.
kingdom of sweden
146
In one rebellion in this country, one man set to be deposed as regent was backed by peasant forces defeated in the battle of Rotebro by a later king of this country, after having earlier defeated that man’s father at the battle of Brunkeberg.
sweden
147
The Goli Otok prison was built in this country to hold Soviet sympathizers during its schism with the USSR.
yugoslavia
148
This nation paid the Sound Dues while ruled by the son of Margaret I, Eric of (*) Pomerania.
denmark
149
This country’s social code, the Kanun, contains a practice known as gjakmarrja, which obliges one to commit murder to avenge an earlier killing.
albania
150
The Redstockings helped inspire a strike in this country in 1975, the (+) Women’s Day Off.
iceland
151
In this country, Lord Robens and the National Coal Board were criticized for their inadequate response to the collapse of mining debris in the Aberfan disaster.
wales
152
An article revealing the sub-par performance of this country's military in a NATO exercise resulted in the arrest of a prominent magazine's editor-in-chief during a 1962 "Affair."
west germany
153
After Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi betrayed a ruler of this country, she had him assassinated at the Palace of Fontainebleau.
sweden
154
In 2000, Oleksandr Moroz accused this country’s president of complicity in the death of Georgiy Gongadze in what became known as the Cassette Scandal.
ukraine
155
Battles in this country include an Oskar Kummetz victory at Drobak Sound, and this country celebrates the signing of its constitution at the Seventeenth of May festival.
norway
156
The nationalist Nikos Sampson was installed as the leader of this island after a coup ousted Makarios [[mah-KAH-ree-ohss]] III.
cyprus
157
This country’s government-in-exile broke off relations with the USSR after the perpetrators of the Katyń [kah-tin] Forest Massacre were uncovered.
republic of poland
158
One ruler of this nation struck Sigrid the Haughty after she rejected his marriage proposal, and that ruler’s efforts to Christianize this country were stopped by his death but revived by the Archbishop of Nidaros.
norway
159
Its main port is located in Limassol, while the usual English name for its capital is an Italian word, rather than the name used by both major ethnic groups here.
cyprus
160
A war is being fought in this country’s Donbass region.
ukraine
161
A politician and scholar from this country argued that Norse myths were originally about exiles from the sack of Troy.
iceland
162
The route of the failed Schlieffen plan went through this country, whose king Leopold II profited from its brutal colony in the Congo.
kingdom of belgium
163
Prussia invaded this country during a dispute over Schleswig-Holstein, a territory which now lies just over its southern border with (*) Germany.
denmark
164
[gly-vitz] radio station.
republic of poland
165
The supposedly indestructible fortress of Eben-Emale is located in this country.
kingdom of belgium
166
This country employed motti tactics to win the Battle of Raate Road, and it cooperated with Germany in Operation Silver Fox against Murmansk.
republic of finland
167
Communist leader Julien Lahaut was assassinated after this country’s king abdicated in 1950.
kingdom of belgium
168
Another ruler of this region lost the Battle of Orewin Bridge.
wales
169
Jan [“yahn”] Masaryk died under suspicious circumstances in this country, and his father Thomas was the first president of this country.
czechoslovakia
170
That chancellor was the head of the Social Democratic Party and promoted “ostpolitik.”
west germany
171
The heraldic badge of one ruler of this region features three white feathers over a gold crown, with a scroll bearing the motto “Ich dien.”
wales
172
The Victual Brothers were pirateers who were formed after the capture of Albert of Mecklenburg by a queen of this modern-day nation.
denmark
173
For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence.
yugoslavia
174
This country’s VKT line helped them win the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, and this country’s brief civil war saw the battles of Vilppula and Tampere.
finland
175
This country’s liberal leader Avni Rustemi was overthrown in the (*) June Revolution.
albania
176
After this country’s formation following World War I, Thomas Masaryk served as its first president.
czechoslovakia
177
This kingdom’s
kingdom of norway
178
One faction of this country’s World War II resistance movement, the royalist Chetniks, occasionally collaborated with the Government of National Salvation.
yugoslavia
179
A revolution in this country began after the editor Georgiy Gongadze was murdered, allegedly on the orders of President Kuchma.
ukraine
180
The Dayton Accords established the constitution of a constituent of this country, where Muslims were massacred at Srebrenica.
yugoslavia
181
This country’s national anthem, “Land of My Fathers,” proclaims, “May the language endure for ever,” a reference to the “nots” placed around the necks of schoolchildren who dared speak its traditional language.
wales
182
Note to Moderator: emphasize “out” and “from” in the 4th line.
wales
183
This nation was flooded with refugees from the nearby Kosovo War, (*) and joined NATO in 2009.
albania
184
In this country, an organization founded by Michael Davitt advocated the “three F’s” of land reform during this country’s namesake “Land War.”
republic of ireland
185
While in this country, Willy Brandt spontaneously knelt down and cried in front of a memorial in the Warschauer Kniefall.
republic of poland
186
One of the least densely-populated countries in the world, it is home to only 4.8 million people.
norway
187
When this country was denied use of the Suez Canal in 1904, it launched a months-long journey around Africa to reinforce its Pacific Fleet; this country then lost much of its navy in the Battle of (*) Tsushima Straits against Japan and had its admiral, Zinovy Rozhestvensky, taken prisoner.
russian empire
188
The Skirmish at Bender tried to get rid of a king of this country that was seeking refuge in present-day Moldova.
sweden
189
Political prisoners in this country were held in a labor camp located on the island of Goli Otok.
yugoslavia
190
This country of origin of the Birkebeiner saw the XU and the Milorg resist Nazi occupation during World War II.
kingdom of norway
191
Two economists born in this country helped inspire the "Million Program" of public housing after publishing Crisis in the Population Question.
sweden
192
Owain Glyndŵr (“OH-wen glin-DUR”) led a revolt in this country, which was the native country of the House of Tudor and David Lloyd George.
wales
193
One ruler of this country was ridiculed as “the prince of emptiness” and departed after only reigning for six months.
albania
194
This country's flag was said to have miraculously fallen from the sky during a battle in Estonia.
denmark
195
One early leader of this polity failed in his attempt to modernize the hi-tech industry via the Economic System of Socialism while also failing with the New Economic System.
east germany
196
This modern-day country’s capital city was attacked by Mikhail Tukhachevsky’s forces in 1920, but that attack was unexpectedly repelled by the defenders.
republic of poland
197
Prince Potemkin had a close relationship with its Catherine the Great.
russian empire
198
It was targeted in a doctrine ended by the Basic Treaty: the Hallstein Doctrine.
east germany
199
A strike against milk rationing in this country prompted commissioner Josef Terboven to declare martial law.
norway
200
It hosted the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck, and it is on the eastern border of Liechtenstein.
austria
201
In 1996, this country switched its national currency to the hryvna after the karbovanet experienced hyperinflation.
ukraine
202
Pigs feast on a young woman in a cartoon protesting the execution of Edith Cavell, a nurse who rescued troops trapped in this country.
belgium
203
Though unrelated, this nation’s last three prime ministers have shared the surname Rasmussen.
denmark
204
Children’s Day was once a major holiday in this country.
yugoslavia
205
A political faction that arose during a century-long series of civil wars in this modern day country was named because its members wrapped birch-bark around their legs.
kingdom of norway
206
Though it’s not France or Prussia, this nation’s “telegram crisis” broke out after its leader used only seven words to thank a birthday greeting.
kingdom of denmark
207
During the Tehran conference, the allies started funding this country’s partisans instead of the royalist Chetniks.
yugoslavia
208
This country’s Stanisław II Augustus was its final monarch, who supported an uprising led by a major general who was instrumental at the Battle of Saratoga.
republic of poland
209
The forged Pigott letters falsely accused one politician from this country of condoning the stabbing of two officials in Phoenix Park.
republic of ireland
210
This country created cultural icons like Vita-Cola and the (*) Trabant car.
east germany
211
The first European to reach India by sea was an explorer from this country, (*) Vasco da Gama.
kingdom of portugal
212
The Pittsburgh Agreement saw expatriates from this country push for its independence.
czechoslovakia
213
This country’s Informbiro period followed World War II, during which the royalist Chetnik movement and the fascist Ustaše
yugoslavia
214
The first president of this nation, Douglas Hyde, was elected thanks to the founder of the Fianna Fail party, the Taoiseach ["tee-shock"] Eamon de Valera.
republic of ireland
215
This country was liberated from Nazi occupation by the Canadian First Army.
netherlands
216
Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot forced that monarch out after this country’s “Royal Question” crisis.
kingdom of belgium
217
Most countries do not recognize the controversial annexation of this country’s (*) Crimean Peninsula.
ukraine
218
The term "ostalgie" describes nostalgia for life in this country, which included a soda called Vita Cola and a notoriously shoddy (*) car called the Trabant.
east germany
219
This country, was the subject of a NATO bombing raid in Operation Noble Anvil.
yugoslavia
220
A leader of this country promoted the slogan “Brotherhood and unity” among this country’s various ethnic groups.
yugoslavia
221
Its city of Liege was besieged at the start of World War I, and another battle here included the first use of poison gas on the Western Front at Ypres.
kingdom of belgium
222
A president of this country apparently approved the kidnapping of a journalist in the “Cassette Scandal.”
ukraine
223
The Battle of Falmagne occurred during a revolution in this modern-day country led by the Vonckists and Statists.
belgium
224
The northern region of this nation united against Frederick Barbarossa in battles such as Legnano, and was also the site of the War of the League of Cambrai.
republic of italy
225
Its penultimate leader created vertically integrated production systems called combines along with heavily sponsoring sports to boost prestige.
east germany
226
A revolution in this nation was sparked during a special performance of the opera The (*) Mute Girl of Portici.
belgium
227
A state in this modern-day country was founded by (*) Rurik, as described in the Primary Chronicle.
ukraine
228
This nation signed the treaties of Oliva and Cardis with a neighbor, and one of its rulers allegedly rode into the Battle of Rain saying “The Lord God is my armor!”
kingdom of sweden
229
For four centuries, this kingdom was ruled in a personal union with (*) Croatia until a decisive defeat at which its forces led by Pal Tomori were crushed, and its teenage King Louis II drowned in his armor.
kingdom of hungary
230
This was the first Communist nation visited by Queen Elizabeth II, and it was the site of a civil war between the Chetniks and the Partisans.
yugoslavia
231
This country sought to expand its cultivated land through the Virgin Lands campaign.
soviet union
232
Arthur Griffith founded this country’s Sinn Féin
republic of ireland
233
A politician from this country had the hand that he used to sign the Treaty of Nis chopped off by the IMRO.
bulgaria
234
This home of Skanderbeg was ruled by the isolationist Enver Hoxha.
republic of albania
235
The Reformation in this country incited the Count’s Feud, which ended with the coronation of a ruler who converted this country to Protestantism.
kingdom of denmark
236
In 2010, historian Tom Buk-Swienty revealed that a former king of this country secretly negotiated to become part of the confederation of a southern neighbor, though that move was rejected.
denmark
237
The Battles of (*) Ypres and the Bulge were fought here, and this nation’s Ardennes forest was the primary route used by Nazi Germany to invade France.
belgium
238
During Operation Linebacker, troops with gliders tried to sabotage the German heavy water plant in this country.
norway
239
Gustáv Husák presided over a period of “normalization” in this country.
czechoslovakia
240
One leader of this country was forced to resign after his aide Gunter (*) Guillaume was revealed to be a spy.
west germany
241
Espen Barth Eide is the UN Special Envoy to this territory, and in January 2017 said that “We are now in the moment of truth.”
cyprus
242
This country gained its independence in 1830 from the Netherlands.
kingdom of belgium
243
The former Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili served as governor of this country’s (*) Odessa province until 2018.
ukraine
244
[[ee-OH-kah]].
cyprus
245
This country's monarch lost much of his power after attempting to dismiss prime minister Carl Zahle during the Easter Crisis.
kingdom of denmark
246
1916’s Two Emperors’ Manifesto concerned the fate of this nation, which later saw strikes by its (*) United Workers Party.
republic of poland
247
Ethnic Germans in this country were expelled by the Benes Decrees.
czechoslovakia
248
This country was home to the 2004 Orange Revolution following the results of a disputed presidential election.
ukraine
249
Another ruler of this country came to power after ousting Fan Noli with the backing of White Russian troops.
albania
250
Notable monasteries may be found in the Troodos Mountains, of this island’s west.
cyprus
251
One ruler of this kingdom was personally crowned by William of Sabina when he established a capital at Nidaros.
kingdom of norway
252
That movement was supported by Pope John Paul II, who was born in this country.
republic of poland
253
An architect and diplomat from this country, who was inspired by the film Pimpernel Smith to save numerous Hungarian Jews, was named (*) Raoul Wallenberg.
sweden
254
A company from this country manufactured the “spark plug with a roof,” the Trabant automobile.
east germany
255
Edvard Kardelj’s involvement in the illegal CPY was described in this country’s SANU memorandum.
yugoslavia
256
Following the revolution of the Young Turks, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburn-Gotha proclaimed himself king of this country, which lost South Dobruja in a 1913 treaty.
bulgaria
257
That man was succeeded by his protegé whose 1986 assassination remains unsolved.
kingdom of sweden
258
A chemist from this country was nicknamed the "merchant of death" for inventing dynamite.
sweden
259
This country’s first chancellor was Konrad Adenauer, whose party was unseated by the SPD in the 1969 elections, which led to Willy Brandt instituting Ostpolitik.
west germany
260
This country replaced the marka with the euro in 2002.
republic of finland
261
This country invaded Poland-Lithuania in The Deluge.
sweden
262
The arrest of the psychedelic band Plastic People of the Universe in this country led to the creation of Charter 77.
czechoslovakia
263
This country, the home of the Stasi secret police, built the 96 mile long “Anti-Fascist Protection (*) Wall,” part of which included the “death strip” and led to the deaths of 327 people escaping to its western neighbor.
east germany
264
In this country, foreign goods could be purchased at the Intershop, though its currency wasn’t accepted there.
east germany
265
The Treaty of Vienna resulted in this country ceding several territories, including Saxe-Lauenburg, to (+) Prussia and Austria, who fought a war the next year over another ceded region, Schleswig-Holstein.
denmark
266
A man known as the “last” ruler of this country signed the Treaty of Aberconwy (“ah-bear-con-wee”) and died at Builth (“bilth”).
wales
267
Marek Edelmann was the only surviving commander of an uprising in this country that was put down by Jurgen Stroop.
republic of poland
268
A king of this country was suspected of sympathizing with the Nazis, leading to a five-year political crisis known as the “Royal Question”.
belgium
269
One of this country’s ports was opened following the Battle of the Scheldt.
belgium
270
[“yo-keem von rib-ehn-trohp”] This country’s forces won the Battle of Raate Road in a war where they dubbed the petrol bombs they used “Molotov cocktails.”
finland
271
This country was invaded as a result of the Little Ice Age, which allowed Charles X to “March Across the Belts” to this country.
denmark
272
Politician Vilhelm Knorin wrote a "Short Course" history of this nation that was used in schools until it was repudiated in the speech "On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences."
soviet union
273
Another king of this country annexed the territory of his relative Sigismund III.
sweden
274
Yelena Bonner founded a watch group to monitor compliance with Article VII of an agreement signed in this country, which called for "respect for human rights."
finland
275
This country was led by the “Lion of Midnight” at Breitenfeld, where it won a massive victory over Count Tilly and the Catholic League.
sweden
276
This country split with a larger ally during the Informbiro period, which ended in 1955.
yugoslavia
277
The Åland Islands are to the southwest of this country, and its major cities include Tampere (TAM-peh-ray), and Espoo (EHS-poh).
republic of finland
278
This country and Germany signed the 1922 Treaty of Rapallo, which undid much of their earlier Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
soviet union
279
During medieval times, this state established colonies at Lambay and Waterford and lost a war against Richard “Strongbow.”
kingdom of norway
280
This country used its caravel ships to trade with the people of Goa after sailing around the Cape of Good Hope along a route found by this country's explorer Bartholomew Dias.
kingdom of portugal
281
Balthasar Gérard shot a man often associated with this nation’s independence movement.
netherlands
282
This country was rapidly westernized under Peter
russian empire
283
A civil war erupted in this country between pro and anti-treaty forces led by Michael (*) Collins and Eamon [AY-min] de Valera, respectively.
republic of ireland
284
One ruler of this modern-day country’s namesake kingdom had introduced monetary reform after other throwing his brother, Andrew’s son, Solomon.
kingdom of hungary
285
After a leader of this country was assassinated in France, lawyer Henri Torres secured the acquittal of the assassin Sholom Schwartzbard ("SHOLE-um SHVARTZ-bard").
ukraine
286
2
albania
287
Novels from this country include Broken April and Chronicles in Stone, both of which were written by Ismail Kadare.
albania
288
According to legend, a 15-year-old received this kingdom's throne after his mother sent a raven with a ring in its beak to find him.
kingdom of hungary
289
This kingdom seized an advantage in a 1700 battle by charging into a snowstorm while outnumbered 4-to-1.
kingdom of sweden
290
One queen of this country was nicknamed “Minerva” and caused controversy when she refused to marry and converted to Catholicism, becoming a nun in Rome.
sweden
291
A soldier from this country traveled over 200 miles after ingesting thirty methamphetamine pills.
finland
292
A king of this country established an aggressive light cavalry unit whose name translates to “cut them down.”
sweden
293
Prince William of Wied briefly sat on this country’s throne under the name Vidi I. Shefqet Verlaci [“SHEF-ket vuhr-LA-chi”] served as a puppet ruler ruler in this country.
republic of albania
294
A national hero from this country converted to Christianity and held a stronghold at Kruje when he organized the princes in this nation to overthrow Turkish rule.
republic of albania
295
During the (*) Years of Lead, this country’s Red Brigades kidnapped and killed its prime minister Aldo Moro.
republic of italy
296
In this region, a strike on the Taff Vale railway led to a ruling curbing the power of unions.
wales
297
Human rights in this country were promoted by Charter 77, after an earlier politician in this country attempted to promote “socialism with a human face.”
czechoslovakia
298
A Hetmanate formed here was split among several nations, and one king from here promulgated the Rus Pravda legal code.
ukraine
299
The cities of Gazimağusa (GAH-zee-mah-OO-sah) and Famagusta survived the Venetian, Genoese and Lusignan periods.
cyprus
300
This country experienced a string of murders and hijackings by the Red Army Faction in fall 1977, and the failure of the European Defense Community allowed this country to rearm under Defense Minister Francis Joseph Strauss, who led his party in this country’s 1980 elections against the Social Democratic Party.
west germany
301
A famous photo taken in this country depicts a boy with his hands raised and a yellow star on his coat; that photograph was taken in the aftermath of a Jewish (*) ghetto uprising in this country.
republic of poland
302
Robert II of Artois was defeated in this country at the Battle of the Golden Spurs.
kingdom of belgium
303
This country captured lands earlier granted to its nobility during the Great Reduction.
kingdom of sweden
304
The Ostend Company was founded in this nation.
kingdom of belgium
305
This country’s foreign minister, Erik Scavenius, was criticized for signing the Anti-Comintern Pact, and he served under both Vilhelm Buhl and Thorvald Stauning, becoming Prime Minister of this country after the Telegram Crisis.
denmark
306
This country’s secret police, the Statspolitiet [stahtz-poe-lee-too], was reestablished soon after a milk strike occurred during the reign of Governor-General Joseph Terboven.
kingdom of norway
307
This European country joined India, Indonesia, and Egypt to form the Non-Aligned Movement, marking a break from (*) Soviet hegemony.
yugoslavia
308
Its longest river, the Klaralven-Gota alv, drains this country’s largest body of water, Lake Vanern.
kingdom of sweden
309
Green Cross International was founded by a former leader of this nation, and it was the subject of an attempted coup by the Gang of Eight.
soviet union
310
A ruler of this country moved to Pope Alexander VII's court after converting to Catholicism and abdicating.
sweden
311
The Ninth of September Front opposed an independence movement for this island led by George Grivas known as EOKA
cyprus
312
This country became famous for its ornate winged hussar cavalry during the 16th through 18th centuries.
republic of poland
313
Murat Reis enslaved and ransomed locals from this country in the Turkish Abductions.
iceland
314
Bombs nicknamed “bread baskets” were dropped on this country, which developed the (*) Molotov cocktail.
finland
315
The Nazis declared martial law here in August, 1943, and imprisoned King (*) Christian X, the country then being ruled by Werner Best.
denmark
316
Earlier in that century, this country lost around a third of its population in an invasion by Sweden known as the (*) “Deluge”.
republic of poland
317
The SV Dynamo sports club was involved in many state-sponsored doping operations in this country, where the Trabant 601 automobile was produced.
east germany
318
During World War II, this country’s royalist government-in-exile signed the Treaty of Vis in a truce with the communist-leaning (*) partisans.
yugoslavia
319
In what is now this country, Nestor Makhno’s anarchist Black Army often used horse-drawn machine guns known as tachanka.
ukraine
320
This nation hosted the signing of the May 3rd Constitution, which was opposed by the Targowica Confederation.
republic of poland
321
That writer, Czełslaw Miłosz (CHES-waf ME-Wosh), also wrote a poem for a memorial to slain shipyard workers in (*) Gdansk.
republic of poland
322
The APL party lost control of this country during the reign of Ramiz Alia.
albania
323
In a 2004 election, this country’s Party of Regions supported a candidate who lost to a man poisoned with dioxin during the (*) Orange Revolution, Viktor Yushchenko.
ukraine
324
A 1975 bill in this country converted its immigration policy from one of social integration to multiculturalism.
sweden
325
This nation gained the Saarland in 1957, and it had a capital at Bonn.
west germany
326
This polity’s raids were brought to an end after Otto the Great defeated its army at the Battle of Lechfeld.
kingdom of hungary
327
During the Reformation, this country experienced the Count’s Feud.
denmark
328
A history of this country was written by Saxo Grammaticus.
kingdom of denmark
329
The Protestant Reformation in this country was led by Mikael Agricola, who also formed this country’s first written language.
finland
330
That ruler had earlier invited (*) René Descartes to this country's court.
sweden
331
Each Christmas, a large Christmas tree in London's Trafalgar Square is a gift from this country, as thanks for assistance during the Second World War.
norway
332
SV Dynamo served as a center for mandatory doping of athletes in this country.
east germany
333
The UK annexed this region in 1914, and continues to operate military bases here in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
cyprus
334
During the 1867 "Year of Great Weakness" in this country, a famine sent emigrants such as future IWW member Joe Hill to the US.
sweden
335
Improving consumer goods in this country was a major goal of the "New Course."
east germany
336
This country executed the Távora family at the behest of the Marquis of Pombal.
kingdom of portugal
337
The UBK movement formed out of that event to oppose the presidency of Leonid Kuchma.
ukraine
338
Prince Bagration died during an invasion of this country at the Battle of Borodino.
russian empire
339
After noticing that arms and ammunition were the only goods being sent to one of this country’s colonies, shipping clerk Edmund Morel began advocating against this country’s colonial policy.
belgium
340
The Asen Dynasty founded this modern day nation’s second empire while Khan Krum was a prominent leader of its first.
bulgaria
341
This polity’s ruler Andrew II was forced to allow his nobles the right to rebel as part of the Golden Bull of 1222.
kingdom of hungary
342
This present-day country was invaded by foreign leaders like Charles X Gustav during the Second Northern War.
republic of poland
343
Hetmanate states were centered in this modern-day country where a famine was triggered by kolkhoz farms during the First Five-Year Plan.
ukraine
344
Frederick Charles of Hesse was very briefly proclaimed king of this country in 1918, and a war named for this country was concluded with the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
republic of finland
345
Another leader of this country served with Josef Terboven and was executed with Albert Hagelin after establishing a (*) fascist government.
norway
346
The first democratically elected female president in the world was elected in this country.
iceland
347
This country was ruled by the strong handed Antonin Novotny for more than a decade shortly after World War II.
czechoslovakia
348
That party, Sinn Féin (shin fayn), was founded to fight for this country's independence.
republic of ireland
349
In 2012, a cruise ship sank off the coast of this country, killing thirty-two and leading to the conviction of its captain for manslaughter; that ship was the Costa Concordia.
republic of italy
350
The Emperor of Russia was also known as the Grand Prince of this location following the Diet of Porvoo, which annexed this territory from Sweden.
republic of finland
351
This country’s capital is the name for a term for taking ships away from a defeated fleet.
denmark
352
In 2000, a scandal in this country that resulted in the release of several politically compromising recordings was incorrectly referred to as the “Cassette Scandal”.
ukraine
353
The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II.
kingdom of belgium
354
The Piast Dynasty was the first family to unify this country, whose Battle of Legnica halted Mongol incursion into this nation, but ended with the death of Henry II of Silesia.
republic of poland
355
The first female prime minister of this country published a UN report on deteriorating human resources, the Bruntland Report.
norway
356
Waldheim was controversial because after the Anschluss uniting this country with (*) Germany, he joined a group affiliated with the Nazis.
austria
357
This country’s devastating invasion of Poland was termed the “Deluge.”
kingdom of sweden
358
A military vehicle developed in this country had fuel tanks attached to its rear doors, which would explode when hit and burn the infantry sitting inside alive.
soviet union
359
One dictator from this country used the Sigurimi police to control his population and built seven hundred thousand bunkers in case of invasion.
republic of albania
360
In this country, currency called Forum checks could be used to buy imported goods at Intershops.
east germany
361
This non-German kingdom's discrimination in favor of Tutsis worsened their ethnic divide with the Hutus.
belgium
362
Saimaa (SAI-mah) is the largest lake in this nation.
republic of finland
363
A period of protest in this country saw a popular politician mysteriously poisoned by dioxin.
ukraine
364
Alexander I became this country's first king after its establishment by the Corfu Declaration.
yugoslavia
365
The author of the manifesto 2083 recently won an appeal in this country, where it was determined that a prison regime largely consisting of solitary confinement violated his human rights.
kingdom of norway
366
Vyborg and the Karelian Isthmus were later transferred to the Soviet Union after one conflict involving this country, during which C. G. E. (*) Mannerheim led its country’s forces.
finland
367
Troops from this country were accused of attacking the village of Mainila as part of a false flag operation, leading to a declaration of war four days later.
republic of finland
368
Operation Grouse and Operation Gunnerside sabotaged heavy water facilities in this country, whose namesake “debate” led to the resignation of British Prime Minister (*) Neville Chamberlain.
kingdom of norway
369
Its current ruling monarch is King Harald V and its currency is the krone.
norway
370
John Cockerill established part of this nation’s “industrial valley” by illegally employing British workers in the 1820s.
kingdom of belgium
371
Following this country’s June Revolution, Bishop Fan Noli attempted to westernize it.
republic of albania
372
This country’s invasion of Poland after the start of the Khmelnytsky (“KMEL-nits-kee”)
sweden
373
Leaders of these two countries negotiated spheres of influence in the Percentages Agreement.
soviet union
374
One of this country’s ships accidentally killed three British fisherman in the Dogger Bank incident.
russian empire
375
In this country, the Lögrétta legislature ruled during the Age of the Sturlungs, which ended with the signing of the (*) Old Covenant.
iceland
376
This country’s troops took defensive positions along the (*) Mannerheim Line in that conflict, and used effective guerrilla warfare north of Lake Ladoga.
republic of finland
377
During World War Two, this country's ruler symbolically (*) rode a horse through its capital every day while occupied by Nazi Germany.
denmark
378
A loss at one battle off this country’s coast led Admiral Jellicoe to exclaim, “There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships.”
kingdom of denmark
379
At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the Royal Navy primarily used coal from the southern region of this country.
wales
380
The League of Lezhë (“le-juh”) in this country won the Battle of Torvioll and resisted the Ottomans until the death of its leader, Skanderbeg, and Egyptian pasha Muhammad Ali’s ancestry was from this country.
albania
381
An explorer born on this island became known as “the lucky” for rescuing a shipwrecked crew and established a colony on another island’s site of L'Anse aux Meadows.
iceland
382
It helped the Nazis because it allowed for submarine training in the Baltic and cut off the Murmansk railroad.
finland
383
This country’s region of Finnmark is home to a minority group speaking a Finno-Ugric language.
kingdom of norway
384
This country surrendered to its neighbor in the 1814 Convention of (*) Moss.
kingdom of norway
385
More recently, in 2011 it suffered from a mass (*) murder at a youth league camp carried out by Anders Breivik.
kingdom of norway
386
This country’s monarchy was established by the Corfu declaration.
yugoslavia
387
This country was rocked by protests in 1997 after over half its population lost money in a series of pyramid schemes.
albania
388
Soldiers from this country carried out the Aunus expedition, and supporters of Fascism in this country led the Lapua Movement.
finland
389
The current president of this country is, ironically, a diabetic who made his fortune in the chocolate industry.
ukraine
390
This country surrendered Silesia to Frederick the Great’s Prussia in a conflict that ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle [“eye”-lah-shah-pell] and began with the Pragmatic Sanction.
austria
391
Stefan Stambolov led an uprising in this country, whose “horrors” were denounced in William Gladstone’s Midlothian Campaign.
bulgaria
392
This country underwent a so-called “economic miracle” in the latter half of the 20th century.
west germany
393
Stepan Bandera collaborated with the Nazis while fighting for the independence of this country, where Joseph Stalin starved millions to death in a man-made famine called the (*) Holodomor.
ukraine
394
The Force Publique operated in one of this country’s colonies, and Roger Casement published a 1903 report detailing abuses by this country in that colony.
belgium
395
During this country’s civil war, the Åland [OH-land] Islands attempted to secede from it.
finland
396
An agency in this country attempted to “biodegrade” its opponents by covertly rearranging objects and tapping phones.
east germany
397
This country’s region of Zaolzie was annexed before the First Vienna Award.
czechoslovakia
398
In the 12th century, Prince Madoc (“MAD-ahk”) supposedly sailed from this country to present-day Alabama.
wales
399
This country was the last in Europe to abandon a communist regime, and the only nation to ever ban religion.
republic of albania
400
Many young Olympic athletes in this country were unwittingly given performance-enhancing drugs as part of a state-sponsored doping program.
east germany
401
Most countries do not recognize the controversial (*) annexation of this country’s Crimean Peninsula.
ukraine
402
As a grand duchy, this country's capital was originally at Turku.
republic of finland
403
A tulip bubble occurred in this country led by the stadtholder [STAT-HOLDER]
netherlands
404
Its first elected president was a former shipyard electrician and leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Walesa (“vaw-WESS-uh”), and it was the home country of Pope John Paul II.
republic of poland
405
During an invasion of this country, its national treasury, 50 tons of gold, was loaded on a train and then shipped off on the HMS Glasgow.
norway
406
The German-trained Jaegers made up the White Guards during this country's civil war.
finland
407
A revolution started at a theater in its capital in 1830; that revolution was supported by the July Monarchy.
kingdom of belgium
408
Britain's plan to subvert this country's regime with guerrillas from the Legality movement was betrayed by Kim Philby.
albania
409
The dog Pompey allegedly stopped the attempted assassination of a leader of this country, whose Sea Beggars seized the port of Brielle.
netherlands
410
The 1953 (*) Virgin Lands Campaign, the Sinatra Doctrine, and the policies of glasnost and perestroika were established in this nation.
soviet union
411
This country ruled two areas later annexed by the Kingdom of Alba and Scotland; those were, respectively, the Hebrides and Orkney.
kingdom of norway
412
A ruler of this country secretly married Lilian Baels six years after he lost his first wife Astrid to a car accident.
belgium
413
Another of its rulers created a parliament called the Duma and issued the October Manifesto.
russian empire
414
According to legend, this country’s flag fell from heaven at the Battle of Lyndanisse, and its king Valdemar IV signed the Treaty of Stralsund.
denmark
415
A group called the Activists assassinated Nikolay Bobrikov during this country’s struggle for independence.
republic of finland
416
In this country, a group of Basques led by Martin de Villafranca were killed by locals in the Slaying of the Spaniards.
iceland
417
This country colonized Brazil, which now speaks this country's language.
kingdom of portugal
418
Two factions during this country’s age of liberty that differed on their stance towards Russia were the (*) caps and the hats.
kingdom of sweden
419
In the fifteenth century, Skanderbeg defended the region that would become this nation from incursions by the Ottomans.
republic of albania
420
This country gained the province of Ingria after England helped negotiate the Treaty of Stolbovo between it and Russia.
sweden
421
During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region.
kingdom of belgium
422
A later revolt in this country’s province of Småland occurred after one king’s namesake reduction and was led by Nils Dacke.
sweden
423
The Primary Chronicle recorded the history of a kingdom centered in this nation where the Khmelnytsky Rebellion occurred.
ukraine
424
An attempt at enosis by nationalists on this (*) island prompted Operation Attila, its invasion in 1974 by Turkey.
cyprus
425
Yet another leader of this home of King Zog broke off relations with Communist China and built thousands of pillboxes on its border with Yugoslavia.
albania
426
This country signed a 1939 pact named for von Ribbentrop and this country’s foreign minister, (*) Molotov, which was broken after Operation Barbarossa, the massive 1941 Nazi invasion of this country.
soviet union
427
The Battles of Kollaa (“KOLA”) and Suomussalmi (“sooh-ah-moo-sah-lah-me”) were fought in a war where this country defended the Mannerheim Line.
finland
428
This country had its Jews move to the Pale of Settlement.
russian empire
429
That ruler of this country invited Hugo Grotius and René Descartes to come to it, and they both died in it.
kingdom of sweden
430
One king of this country was forced to sign the humiliating Peace of Lubeck after losing the Battle of Lutter.
denmark
431
One ruler of this country joined with (*) Denmark and Norway in the Kalmar Union.
sweden
432
One politician from this nation accused President Kuchma of suppressing criticism by ordering the kidnapping of dissident journalists, thus triggering the Cassette Scandal.
ukraine
433
In 2016, this country and China announced they would normalize relations, six years after a dispute over a Nobel Prize.
kingdom of norway
434
The so-called "British Bay of Pigs" was a failed MI6 operation to support the "Pixies" to overthrow this country's Communist government in Operation Valuable.
albania
435
A leader of this country proclaimed it the world’s first atheist state and formed an alliance with (*) China.
republic of albania
436
The Guillaume Affair unseated one Chancellor of this nation, after a highly-placed aide was revealed to be a spy.
west germany
437
The Romans built gold mines in this region at Dolaucothi after defeating the Silures (“sih-LOO-rays”) and Ordovices (“OR-duh-WEE-kays”).
wales
438
Magnus Barefoot saved this kingdom by stumbling into an uprising and inadvertently shooting Hugh Montgomery's eye.
wales
439
George Tenet testified that the bombing of the Chinese embassy in this country was accidental and intended for an arms depot.
yugoslavia
440
A king of this country wrote the letter “The Sacred Mission of Civilization.”
belgium
441
This country's interwar Directorate was responsible for mass killings under that leader, Symon Petliura ("see-MOHN pet-LYOO-rah").
ukraine
442
The House of Flowers was built as a mausoleum for one former leader of this country.
yugoslavia
443
[“lek-feld”] Grand Prince Geza was the first Christian ruler of this polity, which was ravaged after Bela IV lost the Battle of Mohi to the Mongols.
kingdom of hungary
444
In ancient times this country was home to the Molossian Greeks, who were at times invaded by rulers like Bardyllis of Illyria.
albania
445
This nation's Grand Coalition government passed the Emergency Acts despite opposition by the Free Democratic Party.
west germany
446
Construction workers in this country began a massive strike on June 17, 1953, following an increase in individual work quotas and the announcement of the moderate "New Course" policy.
east germany
447
In 1961, this country received a diplomatic note calling for military consultations on defense against "Germany and her allies," as per the FCMA Treaty.
finland
448
This country's Protestant reformation was led by Mikael Agricola.
republic of finland
449
This country’s sniper (*) Simo Hayha, nicknamed the “White Death,” killed over 500 enemy soldiers in a war that ended with this country ceding its region of Karelia.
finland
450
This country lost a personal union with a nearby country in the 1814 Treaty of Kiel.
kingdom of denmark
451
In 2014, protesters in this country stormed Independence Square after negotiations to form ties with the EU were halted.
ukraine
452
In revenge for the Bava Beccaris massacre, revolutionaries assassinated one king of this country.
republic of italy
453
During the eighteenth century, this nation was partitioned three times by its neighbors.
republic of poland
454
NATO's current secretary general, Jens (*) Stoltenberg, is a member of this country's Labour Party, which opposes a Conservative Party politician known as "Iron-Erna" for her tough stance on immigration.
kingdom of norway
455
This country’s president Risto Ryti negotiated military aid from Nazi Germany in an agreement with Joachim von Ribbentrop.
finland
456
This kingdom’s military used six ranks of troops, firing three at a time between countermarches, in a campaign that began to protect Stralsund, Pomerania.
kingdom of sweden
457
Certain delegates crossed into what was then this nation to sign the The Vyborg Manifesto.
finland
458
This country defended a star-shaped castle at Elvas during the Restoration War, under its fourth king with a name translated as John.
kingdom of portugal
459
Nations that recognised this country were targeted by the Hallstein Doctrine, and its final leader, Egon Krenz, was prosecuted for war crimes.
east germany
460
Its highest peak, Kebnekaise, lies within the Fjällen mountain range.
kingdom of sweden
461
In 1977, The Economist coined a term named after this country to describe the negative economic effects of the discovery of large natural gas reserves in 1959.
netherlands
462
One government from this country assassinated Georgi Markov with an (*) umbrella gun, and although this country fought with the Axis in World War Two, its King Boris III protected this country’s Jews.
bulgaria
463
This only European member of the non-aligned movement (*) was led at one point by Slobodan Milošević and was expelled from the Cominform following a split with the Soviet Union.
yugoslavia
464
This nation was invaded in the Greater and Lesser Wraths, and was forced back to its defensive VT line in the Battle of Tali-Ihantala.
republic of finland
465
At the end of WW2, thousands of people attempted to migrate to Austria from this country during the Bleiburg repatriations.
yugoslavia
466
This country gave up sovereignty in the Old Covenant.
iceland
467
This country established a capital on the Neva River after seizing land from (*) Sweden during the Great Northern War.
russian empire
468
Gorm the Old’s son christianized this country just before the year 1000, according to the Jelling Stones.
kingdom of denmark
469
This nation’s unifier established two parliaments, known as “things,” after his defeat of Kjotve the Rich of Agder.
norway
470
A monarch of this kingdom nicknamed “Minerva” abdicated at 28 to become a (*) Catholic nun.
kingdom of sweden
471
During the reign of Joseph Stalin, millions of this country’s citizens died in the Holodomor famine.
ukraine
472
One king of this country won the 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld (BRITE-en-feld) before dying at the Battle of Lutzen.
sweden
473
Arvid Horn led one party in this nation.
kingdom of sweden
474
Sigurd I led a namesake crusade against the Fatimid Caliphate which led to the successful Siege of Sidon.
kingdom of norway
475
[oo-stah-sha] operated.
yugoslavia
476
A dispute between one of this country’s colonies and the British government resulted in the Stokes Affair.
belgium
477
A leader of this country promoted “consumer socialism” and maintained the “order to fire” on its border despite supporting closer relations with a neighbor.
east germany
478
This country’s monarchy was established by the Corfu Declaration and ended with the deposition of Peter II in 1945.
yugoslavia
479
This kingdom reached its largest territorial extent during its stormaktstiden, or "great power" era.
sweden
480
One ruler of this historical country went on a “Grand Embassy” to the west to learn shipbuilding and military training.
russian empire
481
Leftist student movements in this country grew after Benno Ohnesorg was killed while protesting a state visit from the Shah of Iran.
west germany
482
An invasion of this country was justified by Operation Canned Goods, which included a staged attack at the Gleiwitz
republic of poland
483
The eastern portion of this island is noted for the long Karpass peninsula.
cyprus
484
This country’s king was killed in 1934 by Vlado Chernozemski, who was aided by the Ustaše.
yugoslavia
485
This country recently made fun of another country by saying that The Life of Brian was so funny that Norway banned it.
finland
