history this country - European-History_this-country_hardclues_2 Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
This nation lost a significant part of its south after an embarrassing defeat at the battle of Maritsa, and this nation suffered another loss to Louis the Great, leading to the creation of the Dusan Code.
A
serbia
2
Q
Throughout this conflict, the muzzleloading Lorenz rifles of one side were badly outclassed by the more modern rifles of their opponents.
A
prussia
3
Q
This country enacted Nihil Novi in 1505, sparking a period of elective monarchy called “Golden Liberty.”
A
kingdom of poland
4
Q
This country used a defensive Water Line to halt an invasion in its “disaster year,” during which a new (*) stadtholder was chosen.
A
kingdom of the netherlands
5
Q
The major event that caused this conflict was the reaction by France to the candidacy of Leopold, a Hohenzollern, for the throne of Spain after the Spanish Revolution.
A
prussia
6
Q
This man’s father forced him to see his friend get beheaded after a foiled attempt by this man to run away in the Katte Affair.
A
prussia
7
Q
Ones in the Pacific included the Caroline Islands and much of New Guinea.
A
imperial germany
8
Q
This country tried to connect itself to the Middle East with the Anatolian and Baghdad railways.
A
imperial germany
9
Q
This was the only European country allowed to have a presence in Japan during the Sakoku period, and it was home to the world’s first modern stock exchange.
A
kingdom of the netherlands
10
Q
This kingdom formed as a result of the Treaty of Labiau, as its founder was promised autonomy in exchange for military aid to Sweden.
A
prussia
11
Q
A leader of this country resigned after his son-in-law Daniel Wilson was caught trafficking medals, and the death of Alexander Stavisky caused another scandal here.
A
france or the french republic
12
Q
After General MacMahon failed to defeat Moltke during this conflict, the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed and Napoleon III abdicated from the throne after the Battle of Sedan.
A
prussia
13
Q
Catherine de’ Medici incited the 1572 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in this country.
A
kingdom of france
14
Q
In his latest book, Ismail Kadare traces the source of military conflict in this region all the way back to the June 28, 1389, battle on the Field of the Blackbirds, in which the Muslims established a foothold in Europe.
A
kosovo
15
Q
If the holder of this office comes from a different party as the majority in the legislature, a cohabitation results.
A
france accept la république française
16
Q
This polity chose its rulers based on the Golden Bull, a document issued by the Imperial Diet.
A
holy roman empire
17
Q
Two regents from this state supposedly (*) fell into a dung heap in 1618.
A
holy roman empire
18
Q
That conflict coincided with the Glorious Revolution and ended with the Treaty of Ryswick.
A
imperial germany
19
Q
Hundreds of thousands of these people were forced to flee after Operation Storm.
A
serbia
20
Q
By the end of its third month, Charles Frossard and Friederich von Steinmetz were fired and replaced by Achille Bazaine and Helmuth von Moltke, and the emperors of both nations rode into battle, leading to the capture of one at Sedan.
A
prussia
21
Q
Napoleon crushed this kingdom at the Battle of Jena, but it later assisted in Napoleon’s defeat at (*) Leipzig.
A
prussia
22
Q
This frequent user of (*) oblique battle order organized the first partition of Poland and is buried at the Sanssouci [saw-soo-SEE] palace in Potsdam.
A
prussia
23
Q
During one event in this country, the police reconstructed a shredded note addressed to (*) Major Ferdinand Esterhazy.
A
france or the french republic
24
Q
During World War II, this country was ruled by a fascist regime known as the Ustase, and Franjo Tudjman led this country after it became the second state to secede from Yugoslavia after Slovenia.
A
republic of croatia
25
Although it is not Poland, this country's Trakai Island contains a castle known as "Little Marienburg."
lithuania
26
A religious group in this country was targeted by the dragonnades policy of forced troop quartering.
kingdom of france
27
Within this empire, France rivaled the Hapsburgs for influence with its (*) electors.
holy roman empire
28
One political party in this modern-day country issued the “Seventeen Principles” in 1933, and had an emblem consisting of a grenade exploding inside a large “U.” The siege of Bihac was lifted by this country’s forces during Operation Storm, which brought an end to this country’s war for independence.
republic of croatia
29
During the 1930’s, this country's Iron Wolf Party was led by the nefarious Augustinas Voldemaras.
lithuania
30
Early battles in this war include Woerth, Gravelotte, and Mars-la-Tour, all early defeats for the losing side.
prussia
31
One general from this kingdom criticized American troops during the Civil War, calling them “armed mobs” from which no military lessons could be learned.
prussia
32
An urban renewal plan targeted for April 2012 in its capital will redevelop old shipyards along the River (*) Lagan into a new “Titanic Quarter,” named after the ship built in that city.
northern ireland
33
The “blanket” and “dirty” protests at this region’s Maze Prison culminated in a hunger strike led by (*) Bobby Sands.
northern ireland
34
The losing side in this conflict disastrously split up its army following a defeat at the Battle of Froeschwiller, also called the Battle of Worth.
prussia
35
The most famous living poet from this country is Tomas Venclova [VENTS-lovah].
lithuania
36
General Bourbaki refused to send in the Old Guard during one battle of this conflict, and another battle saw one side successfully utilize Krupp cannons.
prussia
37
The Ahtisaari Plan was drafted in the peace negotiations following one conflict named for this modern day country.
kosovo
38
The most famous of these battles saw Milosh Obilic assassinate Murad I after pretendding to negotiate a surrender; that battle was fought at the Field of the (*) Blackbirds.
kosovo
39
This creator of the Bayard Order had a summer residence built for him known as the Sanssouci Palace.
prussia
40
All members of this nation's parliament held the right to block any legislation, called the Liberum veto, and its nobility was known as the szlachta.
kingdom of poland
41
[[oh-beh-DEE-skoh]], or "I Obey!"
prussia
42
The Eastern Bloc’s automo-tive industry was partially concentrated in this country, with Renault factories in Plovdiv and the Pirin-Fiat produced in Lovech.
republic of bulgaria
43
The Free State of Fiume was established in it.
serbia
44
Prominent critic of Islam (*) Ayaan Hirsi Ali lied to get asylum in this country, where in 2004 Mohammed Bouyeri assassinated the director of “Submission,” filmmaker Theo Van Gogh.
kingdom of the netherlands
45
That followed a three-year war between these countries, in which Britain threatened to intervene over the Chanak crisis.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
46
The current President of this country served under Mitterand and Chirac, and recently got married to the former singer and model Carla Bruni.
france or the french republic
47
This country was the original home of the Geminid dynasty and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of the Blue Waters.
lithuania
48
[[GRAH-dee-skah]] and the Battle of Zaule
republic of croatia
49
The Army of Châlons participated in the Siege of Metz during this war, which was caused by an attempt to place Leopold (*) Hohenzollern on the throne of Spain.
prussia
50
This author of the tract Anti-Machiavel was forced to watch the execution of one of his friends when he tried to flee the royal court.
prussia
51
The pivotal battle in this conflict saw a failed attempt to relieve troops under Bazaine by Marshal Patrice (*) Mac-Mahon.
prussia
52
One of these polities saw the Battle of Waterberg, which led to the forced death by thirst of thousands of Nama and Herero people, considered the first 20th century genocide.
imperial germany
53
This kingdom's victory in the Seven Weeks War with (*) Austria ended the era of “Großdeutsche” (GROSS-doy-chuh) confederation.
prussia
54
Romanian immigrants were forced from this region’s capital in June 2009 by a mob giving Nazi salutes, while in May 2010 separatists almost murdered a retired soldier in this region’s city of Armagh.
northern ireland
55
This country launched an invasion after Hussein Dey struck an emissary with a fan.
kingdom of france
56
In this war, one man left the losing side's capital by hot air balloon to become war minister at Tours; that man was Leon Gambetta.
prussia
57
These people briefly established a republic named for their “Krajina”
serbia
58
Later in its existence, this polity’s leader was chosen by a group that included three bishops and six laymen, up from the seven who traditionally made the decision.
holy roman empire
59
One of the most important royal positions in this country was the Duchy of Trakai.
lithuania
60
After this leader attempted to escape and defect to Britain, his close companion Hans Hermann von Katte was court-martialed and executed.
prussia
61
One dramatized document related to this conflict related a meeting between Count Vincent Benedetti and one side’s leader.
prussia
62
The size promised to this country in the Treaty of San Stefano led to the calling of the Congress of Berlin.
republic of bulgaria
63
This country's soldiers name a war which included fighting at Gradisca
republic of croatia
64
This nation’s president declared a state of emergency after wildfires hit its western regions in July and August 2010.
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
65
Along with Jews and Roma, this was the main ethnic group targeted by the Ustashe.
serbia
66
Einhard was the biographer of a ruler of this country who employed Alcuin of York.
holy roman empire
67
The victors of this war took the territories of Alsace-Lorraine and declared Germany unified just outside of the loser’s capital city.
prussia
68
A Chinese embassy in this modern-day country was accidentally bombed during Operation Allied Force.
serbia
69
This kingdom's name is used for the first-ever synthetic dye, which was used to create the distinctive color of its army uniforms.
prussia
70
This man defeated Charles of Lorraine with a charge of the Bayreuth Dragoons in the Battle Hohenfriedeberg, and this man defeated Charles again by utilizing an attack in oblique order at Leuthen.
prussia
71
One ruler of this empire fought Berengar II during his Italian campaigns and defeated the Magyars at the Battle of (*) Lechfeld.
holy roman empire
72
The city of Prizren in this country was made an imperial capital by Dušan (“DU-shan”) the Mighty and later saw a league created there opposing the Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin.
kosovo
73
In this country, the “Help Yourself and Heaven Will Help You” committee formed to opposed laws like the Anti-Sacrilege Act.
kingdom of france
74
This country’s refusal to cut oil production led to a price war with Saudi Arabia and the 2020 collapse of OPEC+ [“OPEC-plus”].
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
75
This nation’s capital was built by Siegfried I, and it was returned to Hapsburg rule by the Treaty of Ryswick after the Nine Years’ War.
luxembourg
76
Italy annexed the Papal States during this war without opposition.
prussia
77
This empire’s “Great Interregnum” ended with the ascension of the House of Luxembourg.
holy roman empire
78
This man was forced to watch the execution of his friend Hans Hermann von Katte after they tried to run away together.
prussia
79
This conflict started in part due to a mistranslation of a (*) dispatch from the spa town of BadEms.
prussia
80
This country’s participation in naval arms race in the early 1900s was prompted by the British ship HMS Dreadnought.
imperial germany
81
Bobby Sands died during a hunger strike protesting the removal of “Special Category Status” from prisoners convicted of (*) “Trouble”-related offences in this country.
northern ireland
82
This nation’s first leader, Albert, had been the last Grand Master of the (*) Teutonic Knights and had established this nation’s capital at Konigsberg.
prussia
83
A 2020 constitutional referendum limited presidents of this country to two total (*) terms, but excluded all terms prior to 2024 from the count.
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
84
This city names a conflict that began with a preemptive strike on Philippsburg, a bridgehead across the Rhine, and continued an expansion program begun by the War of Devolution.
imperial germany
85
One side achieved a costly victory by charging against prepared positions at Spicheren and Gravelotte-St. Privat.
prussia
86
While leading this empire, Maximilian I used a banner depicting a double-headed (*) black eagle on a yellow background.
holy roman empire
87
A war in this country saw unauthorized intervention when NATO forces bombed Yugoslavia, earning flak for Bill Clinton, following the killing and deportation of ethnic Albanians by Serbian forces.
kosovo
88
After the Battle of Gravelotte, one army in this war who had earlier lost the Battle of Wörth, was trapped at Metz.
prussia
89
This country’s throne was contested in the War of the Three Henrys.
kingdom of france
90
Another war in this region was ended by the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest.
serbia
91
In the twentieth century, its leaders included a man who had been convicted of burning down Germany's Reichstag, Georgi Dmitrov, but its longest-tenured Communist ruler was Todor Zhivkov.
republic of bulgaria
92
Jules Favre halted negotiations with the victors of this war until the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed.
prussia
93
Tokhtamysh and a leader from this country were defeated at the Battle of the Vorskla River.
lithuania
94
Francis II dissolved this empire after Napoleon founded the Confederation of the Rhine.
holy roman empire
95
That ruler of this polity founded the Aulic Council to oppose this polity’s other judicial body, the Chamber Court.
holy roman empire
96
Another king with this name was the last king of Serbia and led his nation through both the First and Second Balkan Wars of the 1910s.
serbia
97
As a youth, this man accompanied Eugene of Savoy during the War of Polish Succession.
prussia
98
A 14th century king with this name was executed by his half-brother Henry of Trastamara in the Castilian Civil War.
serbia
99
One ruler of this country signed the Concordat of Worms, which banned the practice of simony, with Calixtus II.
holy roman empire
100
A crisis over this nation in 1867 almost led to war, and this country was ruled by the House of Orange until 1890.
luxembourg
101
One of this empire’s nobles had Martin Luther kidnapped and hidden in a castle so he wouldn’t be murdered.
holy roman empire
102
Tensions building up to this conflict were brought about after the legitimacy of the Hohenzollern’s Leopold was questioned by the (*) Ems Dispatch.
prussia
103
The government of this country was accused of covering up the Panama company’s financial troubles.
france or the french republic
104
Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Army of the Vosges during this war which saw the formation of the Third Republic.
prussia
105
Rulers of this state were depicted as assemblages of fruit and veg and in other strange fashions, since they were the main patrons of Giuseppe Arcimboldo.
holy roman empire
106
This ruler won victories at Rossbach and Mollwitz and invaded Silesia, thus violating the Pragmatic Sanction.
prussia
107
This country secured holdings in one of its colonies through the Padri and Aceh Wars.
kingdom of the netherlands
108
Their creation was opposed by Leo von Caprivi, who nonetheless gained a namesake “strip” from Britain in exchange for Zanzibar.
imperial germany
109
It evolved from the Electorate of Brandenburg, and this country’s general Helmuth von Moltke won the battle of Koenniggratz in 1866.
prussia
110
This country’s communist leader thrice proposed incorporation as the Soviet Union’s 16th SSR, but was rebuffed by Kruschev and Brezhnev.
republic of bulgaria
111
One ruler from this country married his daughter Sophia to Vasili I, with whom he would later engage in a two-year war.
lithuania
112
A man known as Soldier F anonymously testified regarding an event in this region for the Saville Inquiry.
northern ireland
113
The brothers Kestutis and Algirdas jointly ruled this country, which along with a southern neighbor forced the Peace of Thorn after defeating Ulrich von Jungingen.
lithuania
114
This empire, which put down the Maji Maji Rebellion, also carried out the genocide of the Namaqua and Herero people in a different colony.
imperial germany
115
Following the call for an armistice during this war, Guiseppe Garbaldi said the one word phrase "Obbedisco"
prussia
116
This empire was home to the Schmalkaldic League, which was founded to protect Protestants.
holy roman empire
117
This region’s assembly meets in Stormont Castle and is currently led by the Democratic Unionist Party, founded by Ian Paisley, although Paisley’s successor, Peter Robinson, lost his job as First Minister of this region in a 2010 election.
northern ireland
118
Three eighteenth century (*) partitions divided this country between its neighbors Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
kingdom of poland
119
During the reign of Augustus the Strong, Catherine the Great increased Russian control of this country.
kingdom of poland
120
This country, which was inherited by Lothair I after Louis the Pious split his lands, was plagued by the Fronde rebellion.
france accept la république française
121
This state forced the Treaty of Karlowitz after its victory in the Battle of Zenta over the Ottomans.
holy roman empire
122
One of this country's monarchs, John the Good, negotiated the Treaty of Bretigny [breh-ti-nee] after being captured at Poitiers [pwa-ti-yay].
kingdom of france
123
A person with this title who had the initials VGE developed the TGV during the 1973 oil crisis.
france accept la république française
124
The retreat of forces under Vuk Brankovic at the Field of the Blackbirds led to the conquest of this nation, home to the Chetnik resistance during World War II.
serbia
125
Their relations were formally settled by the Treaty of Lausanne, which nullified favorable territorial terms given to one side in 1920's Treaty of (*) Sèvres.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
126
Objections to the candidacy of Leopold for the Spanish throne sparked this war, and after the abdication of a certain monarch, France was led by Leon Gambetta.
prussia
127
The death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia saved this kingdom from annihilation in the Seven Years’ War.
prussia
128
Economist editor Bruce Clark analyzed a formative event in the relations between these two countries in the 2006 book Twice a Stranger, which examines their mutual 1922 expulsions of ethnic minorities.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
129
This country’s military used the Dreyse “needle gun,” which allowed this kingdom to win the Battle of (*) Königgrätz during the Seven Weeks’ War.
prussia
130
The War of the Three Henrys contested the throne of this country, where Catherine de’ Medici incited the 1572 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
kingdom of france
131
Its mountains include the Pontic range, and Erciyas Dag is in its Taurus Mountains.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
132
In the middle ages, this nation was ruled by the (*) Piast Dynasty, whose kings included Boleslaw the Brave and Casimir the Great.
kingdom of poland
133
This country was forced to accept the Humiliation of Olmuetz in 1850, and one king of this country had a regiment of giant soldiers known as the Potsdam Grenadiers.
prussia
134
A politician who held this office was scandalously connected to the death of an actor’s bodyguard in the Markovic Affair.
france accept la république française
135
The People’s Republic unusually tolerated this country’s Orthodox Church, though title to Rila Monastery was only regained in 1989.
republic of bulgaria
136
In this region, the liberation movement IMRO assassinated King Alexander I. A twentieth-century war named after this region saw victories for the side of Ferdinand I and Peter I, leading to the Treaty of London.
serbia
137
This nation was united by (*) Clovis I, who created the Merovingian dynasty.
france accept la république française
138
One leader of this territory’s homage to Zygmunt August was depicted in Jan Kockanowski’s chronicle Proporzec.
prussia
139
In 2009, many cars were set on fire in this country, but that paled in comparison to the state of emergency declared after (*) 2005 riots by poor youth.
france or the french republic
140
In this conflict, the losing side primarily used a Chassepot (“SHAS-po”) rifle which was actually superior to the famous Dreyse needle gun used by the other side.
prussia
141
This country lost a battle on St. Crispin's Day to an army led by Henry V. Forces from this country rallied around the (*) "Maid of Orleans," who was burned at the stake.
kingdom of france
142
This country relinquished control of Saxony in the Treaty of Hubertusburg.
prussia
143
Vanuatu was granted independence from this country in 1980, and Chantal Sébire fought for the right to have euthanasia in this country.
france or the french republic
144
In this country, the proclamation of the Four Ordinances was supported by the Legitimists.
kingdom of france
145
The Good Friday Agreement ended a running conflict between Catholics and Protestants in this country, which saw 28 civilians killed on Bloody Sunday.
northern ireland
146
This country’s armored cavalry officers wore wings on their backs in the seventeenth century, when it was unified with Lithuania.
kingdom of poland
147
The losing side in this war made use of such weaponry as chassepot rifles and an early machine gun called the mitrailleuse
prussia
148
This empire’s leader was made subject to seven nobles in the Golden Bull of 1356.
holy roman empire
149
A future president of this country campaigned against the KLA, and that president was toppled in the Bulldozer Revolution.
serbia
150
This kingdom won the Battles of Fehrbellin and Chotusitz, and awards issued by its army include the Pour le Mérite and the Iron Cross.
prussia
151
The Edict of (*) Nantes [nahnt] gave religious protection to this country’s Protestant Huguenots.
kingdom of france
152
Free imperial cities in this polity included Basel and Speyer.
holy roman empire
153
2
holy roman empire
154
[mee-try-yuhz].
prussia
155
This country had a major defeat at Kunersdorf, but was saved a few years later by the death of Empress Elizabeth.
prussia
156
In January 2011, this nation’s Duma ratified a nuclear arms reduction treaty called New START.
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
157
It's not the United States of America, but one leader of this country promised he would "place a chicken in every pot."
france accept la république française
158
Guest-workers from this country make up the largest ethnic minority in Germany, and it displays tughras in its Topkapi Palace.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
159
In June 2010, the United States arrested a SVR spy from this nation, Anna Chapman.
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
160
Other significant poems from this country include The Forest of Anykščiai[ah-NEEK-shee], while the poet Maironis [my-ROH-nees] is considered one of the most significant figures in its national revival movement and the fight against Russification.
lithuania
161
The Simav and Nilufer Rivers flow into its Sea of (*) Marmara.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
162
This empire’s “Great Interregnum” ended with the ascension of the House of (*) Luxembourg.
holy roman empire
163
Inspired by Greeks like Epaminondas, this man made heavy use of a tactic in which one wing is overloaded with troops to win battles like Leuthen [LOY-tun], and established an alliance of Protestant princes known as the Fürstenbund.
prussia
164
It developed from a monastic state of the Teutonic Knights, and joined in union with the Margraviate of Brandenburg, giving it control of Berlin.
prussia
165
A foundational work of which country’s poetic tradition is the epic poem Metai[MEH-tie], or The Seasons?
lithuania
166
One ruler of this polity grew so depressed that he ordered a coffin to be carried with him wherever he went.
holy roman empire
167
One leader of this territory married the daughter of Britain’s George I and introduced the canton system of recruitment.
prussia
168
The French lost at Metz and Sedan, Napoleon III was captured, and Paris was surrounded and held under siege for four months before the Commune government was crushed.
prussia
169
One side was starved out by a siege at Metz, and it began after Vincent Benedetti’s remarks were edited in the Ems Dispatch.
prussia
170
In 2002, right-winger Pim Fortuyn was assassinated while trying to end the rule of its Purple Coalition, but in the 2010 election the right wing was resurgent under the Party for Freedom of Geert Wilders, which backs current prime minister Mark Rutte.
kingdom of the netherlands
171
This kingdom's objection to the November Constitution caused it to lead an alliance against Denmark in the Second Schlewsig (SHLAY-shveek) War.
prussia
172
Prince Lazar died at one battle of this name, while another saw defeats for both Skanderbeg and Janos Hunyadi.
kosovo
173
Philip Melancthon wrote the Augustan (*) Confession for a meeting in this city.
imperial germany
174
All three monarchs of this country were of the House of (*) Hohenzollern, from Prussia.
imperial germany
175
following the Battle of Bezzecca
prussia
176
Those battles helped this man secure the province of Silesia, which he had taken from Maria Theresa in the War of Austrian Succession and subsequently defended in the Seven Years’ War.
prussia
177
: This king founded the Emden Company to facilitate trade with China.
prussia
178
This nation’s population is one of the smallest in Europe, and over half of those are immigrants.
luxembourg
179
Known as the Gibraltar of the North, this nation’s fortifications were improved upon by Vauban under Louis XIV.
luxembourg
180
This empire acquired the Caprivi Strip after signing the (*) Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty.
imperial germany
181
Either Koniggratz or Sadowa was the most important battle in this war, a decisive victory for the northern belligerents.
prussia
182
The Swiep (“sweep”) forest was an important location at one battle during this war, in which the forces of Ludwig von Benedek were dealt a crushing defeat.
prussia
183
The leader of a rebellion against this empire believed that his special medicine could turn bullets into water.
imperial germany
184
This country's major port is Klaipeda, and its capital was nicknamed “Jeruzale” for its large Jewish population.
lithuania
185
Oskar van Blumenthal sent Constantin von Alvensleben to Metz in this war’s Battle of Mars-la-Tour, which saw the retreat by the Army of the Rhine.
prussia
186
This leader refused to live with his wife Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern, and countered the arguments of The Prince in his Anti-Machiavel.
prussia
187
This country’s head-of-state survived an April 2009 assassination attempt in which a man tried to ram an open-top bus with his car.
kingdom of the netherlands
188
A future president of this modern-day country gave an inflammatory St. Vitus’ Day speech on the 600th anniversary of a 1389 battle.
serbia
189
[[ZAO-leh]], which was ended by the 1617 Treaty of Madrid.
republic of croatia
190
This kingdom repulsed a Swedish invasion during the Great Sleigh Drive.
prussia
191
In medieval times, this country was an empire ruled by the Shisman and Asen dynasties.
republic of bulgaria
192
This country contains the "Highlands" of Aukštaitija and the "Lowlands" of Samogitia, and its longest river is the Neman or Nemunas, which originates in neighboring Belarus.
lithuania
193
This nation was invaded and occupied by Germany in both World Wars, and was one of the founding members of NATO in 1949.
luxembourg
194
This country declared a state of emergency in June 2020 after a storage tank owned by a nickel mining company collapsed, spilling over 17,000 tons of diesel.
russia or russian federation or rossiya or rossiyskaya federatsiya
195
In November 1945, another exiled king with this name was removed from the Yugoslav throne by the Communist Constituent Congress.
serbia
196
Salgam is a purple drink popular near this country’s Cilician Gates.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
197
A legislature in this region requires certain motions to pass with a majority in two rival blocs, a process called cross-community voting.
northern ireland
198
The Blue Cruise runs between resort town in this nation such as Didim.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
199
This country's World Heritage Sites include Safranbolu, an ancient trading post, and Ḫattuš, the capital of a 13th-century BC empire.
republic of turkey or türkiye cumhuriyeti
200
This European nation once belonged to a coalition of three nations in the Low Countries, and its capital is, along with Strasbourg and Brussels, one of the three capitals of the European Union.
luxembourg
201
This ruler was praised by Clausewitz for his military tactics at Rossbach and Leuthen during the Third (*) Silesian War, and commissioned the Rococo summer residence of Sanssouci.
prussia
202
A ruler of this nation was famed for tactical victories like Leuthen and Mollwitz, and broke the Pragmatic Sanction by invading Silesia.
prussia
203
Separatists in this modern-day country blockaded roads using trees in the so-called (*) “Log Revolution.”
republic of croatia
