history this country - World-History_this-country_hardclues_0 Flashcards
(490 cards)
1
Q
Hendrik Verwoerd engineered a series of oppressive laws in this country.
A
republic of south africa
2
Q
After this country’s eponymous revolution, the failed Operation Eagle Claw attempted to free 66 American diplomatic hostages.
A
iran
3
Q
This empire employed cavalry forces called sipahi.
A
ottoman empire
4
Q
Rebels in this modern day country were strapped to cannons and blown apart after revolting in response to (*) lard-coated cartridges.
A
republic of india
5
Q
This country held the Rivonia trial for violent guerrillas affiliated with the “Spear of the Nation” group, and jailed Steve Biko for his role in starting the Soweto uprising.
A
republic of south africa
6
Q
A leader from this country nicknamed “Netaji” controversially allied with Axis powers during World War II.
A
republic of india
7
Q
Presidents came from two of its dominant agricultural states in this country’s “coffee with milk” period.
A
brazil
8
Q
One empire in this country was said to have been destroyed by a Jewish queen named Gudit.
A
ethiopia
9
Q
This nation lost Nasser’s successor Anwar el-Sadat when he was assassinated at a 1981 military parade.
A
egypt
10
Q
A house in this modern day state, of Oghuz Turkic origin, rose to power after the overthrow of the Zand dynasty, and the institution of Agha Mohammad.
A
iran
11
Q
One king of this modern-day nation signed the Treaty of Wuchale.
A
ethiopia
12
Q
During a 1960s conflict, the leader of this country denied U. S. assistance by saying “To hell with your aid!”
A
indonesia
13
Q
B. J. Habibie became the president of this country after the May 1998 resignation of his predecessor, who established the (*) New Order.
A
indonesia
14
Q
After the Civil War, thousands of pro-slavery southerners founded the city of Americana in this country, where they became known as confederados.
A
brazil
15
Q
Tekle Haymanot was leader of the Gojjam people of this country in battle, after which the Treaty of Wuchale was repealed.
A
ethiopia
16
Q
That unit fought against Louis II during the Battle of (*) Mohacs, after which this empire partitioned Hungary with the Habsburg empire.
A
ottoman empire
17
Q
Officers from this country known as tenentes staged several uprisings.
A
brazil
18
Q
The Orinoco River flows to this country’s north, and well- known landmarks in this country include Sugarloaf Mountain, Ipanema Beach, and the statue of Christ the Redeemer.
A
brazil
19
Q
This country is currently led by Mohamed Morsi, who resigned from his position in the Freedom and Justice Party shortly after his election.
A
egypt
20
Q
Ernesto Geisel was a later ruler of this polity, which had a Constitution enacted in 1934.
A
brazil
21
Q
This country’s State Security Investigations Service, part of this country’s Ministry of Interior, was dissolved in March of 2011.
A
egypt
22
Q
This country’s first head of state married Maria Leopoldina of Austria and faced a revolt that gave rise to the Cisplatine War.
A
federative republic of brazil
23
Q
In 1903, this country traded a railway for the region of Acre.
A
federative republic of brazil
24
Q
The AAA death squad killed hundreds of left-wing (*) Montoneros in this country during its Dirty War, part of Operation Condor.
A
argentina
25
Every major candidate in this country’s recent election supported the Bolsa Familia.
federative republic of brazil
26
Members of the Black Lions, an anti-fascist group in this country, were murdered in the Yekatit 12 massacre after an assassination attempt on Rodolfo (*) Graziani.
ethiopia
27
The DGSE sank the Rainbow Warrior in a harbor in this nation in 1985.
new zealand
28
In 1893 it became the first country to have universal women’s suffrage, and it earlier saw a gold rush centered on Dunedin (“doo-nay-din”).
new zealand
29
This nation is also home to mountain ranges such as the Serra do Mar, while this nation’s highest point is the Pico da Neblina.
brazil
30
Young officers called tenentes in this country rebelled against its system of patronage by landed coffee barons.
brazil
31
A city in this country was constructed during the “fifty years of progress in five” campaign of Juscelino Kubitschek.
brazil
32
Ten teenagers in this country were kidnapped on the Night of the Pencils.
argentina
33
In 2011 this country and a country it almost entirely surrounds agreed to an exchange of border enclaves.
republic of india
34
Fighting with this empire prolonged an event that almost overthrew Catherine the Great, Pugachev’s Rebellion, and this empire supported the Aceh Sultanate in its fight against the Portuguese.
ottoman empire
35
A revolution in this country included the burning of the Cinema Rex movie theatre.
iran
36
That president, Dilma Rousseff, was reelected in 2014 despite concerns about the high cost of hosting the 2014 World Cup and now faces impeachment charges.
brazil
37
This country launched Operation Trikora in order to annex Dutch territory that it later obtained with the New York Agreement.
indonesia
38
This country was led by two emperors named Pedro, the second of whom abolished slavery with the (*) Golden Law.
federative republic of brazil
39
This country defended the city of Harrar while it fought an eastern neighbor in the Ogaden War.
ethiopia
40
Dennis Brutus led a successful campaign to ban this country from the Olympics from 1964 to 1988.
republic of south africa
41
The first ruler of this country defeated the Confederation of the Equator and issued the Cry of Ipiranga, while a later ruler of this country abolished slavery with the Golden Law.
federative republic of brazil
42
Before Islam arrived in the seventh century, two ruling empires here included the Parthians and the Sassanids.
iran
43
This country’s Communist party was blamed for its 30th of September Movement, also known as the Gestok.
indonesia
44
One politician from this country was forced to step down after losing the Battle of Caseros to Urquiza's forces.
argentina
45
This country’s city of Pune (poo-nay) is the site of a Tata Motors manufacturing plant and is the second largest city in this country’s state of Maharashtra.
republic of india
46
Control of trade routes allowed spice traders to create berbere from oriental spices during this nation’s (*) Axumite dynasty.
ethiopia
47
That leader of this country introduced a new Polish-inspired constitution nicknamed “Polaca” (“poh-LAH-kah”) after overthrowing Washington Luis.
brazil
48
English author John Gardner Wilkinson wrote a number of books about this ancient culture, whose treasures were investigated by in the early 20th century by English archaeologist Howard Carter.
egypt
49
Which country had, before its suppression in 1965, the third largest communist party in the world?
indonesia
50
A ruler of this country hired a group of economists known as the “Berkeley Mafia” to help grow this country’s economy.
indonesia
51
This country is home to “Confederados” who founded Americana after fleeing the South.
federative republic of brazil
52
This country, once home to the communist Derg regime and Emperor Tewodros II, defeated (*) Italy while led by Menelik II at the Battle of Adowa, but was later conquered while under the rule of Haile Selassie.
ethiopia
53
Hipólito Yrigoyen led this nation through World War I, during which this country experienced a boom in its (*) beef industry.
argentina
54
Eva was the popular wife of this country's leftist leader Juan Peron.
argentina
55
The Mais Medicos program brought many Cuban doctors to this country.
federative republic of brazil
56
In 1995, this nation’s president gave a trophy to Francois Pienaar and famously donned a (*) green jersey with a gold number 6.
republic of south africa
57
This country, originally called Vera Cruz declared independence with the (*) Cry of Ipiranga.
brazil
58
More than sixty people were eaten alive in this country after a chieftain’s son was whipped in the Boyd massacre.
new zealand
59
In 1930, Gugsa Welle attempted to secure sole control of this country for his wife, Zewditu.
ethiopia
60
Swidden agriculture was introduced to this country’s (*) Yanomami tribe as a result of European contact, which began with Pedro Cabral.
federative republic of brazil
61
The CIA-funded (*) Bay of Pigs invasion failed to capture this country, which re-established a diplomatic relationship with the United States in 2015.
cuba
62
Raden Wijaya founded an empire that was located in this modern day country.
indonesia
63
A leader of this country, who had helped overthrow Farouk
egypt
64
This country allied with Uruguay and Argentina to defeat Paraguayan dictator Frasncisco Solano Lopez in the War of the Triple Alliance.
federative republic of brazil
65
A military force employed by this polity was disbanded in the so-called “Auspicious Incident.”
ottoman empire
66
In this nation, the flogging of Te Ara prompted natives to carry out the Boyd Massacre, and the Hutt Valley campaign took place under the rule of governor George Grey.
new zealand
67
This country’s prime minister deemed the Easter Bunny and Tooth Fairy “essential workers” in a 2020 speech.
new zealand
68
This country was initially rejected from the League of Nations for not abolishing slavery; its leader later made a famous speech condemning the League’s inaction in the face of chemical warfare in this country.
ethiopia
69
In this country, the 26th of July movement overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.
cuba
70
A leader of this country was overthrown with the involvement of the CIA in Operation Ajax.
iran
71
A prominent military unit in this empire was disbanded following the Auspicious Incident by the same ruler who initiated this empire’s (*) Tanzimat reforms.
ottoman empire
72
Two hundred people were killed in this country in a bombing on the Sari Club and Paddy’s Pub.
indonesia
73
The earliest known paintings in the Americas are at Painted Rock Cave in this country, where terra preta was used by the Marajoara culture.
federative republic of brazil
74
One ruler of this country, who rose to power after the Zemene Mesafint, or the “Age of the Princes”, asked Captain Charles Duncan Cameron to carry a letter to Queen Victoria, while another, Iyasu V, was excommunicated by the Orthodox Tewahido Church of this country.
ethiopia
75
This country's Mazorca secret police would harass priests who did not display images of federalist leader Juan Manuel de Rosas, who was attacked in the tract (*) Facundo by a later president, Domingo Sarmiento.
argentina
76
This nation's government, controlled by the Islamic Brotherhood and headed by Mohamed (*) Morsi, came to power after the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak (moo-BAR-ak).
egypt
77
Ana Betancourt called for a feminist movement in this country following a defeat in one war.
cuba
78
In this country, inventive uses for a commonly-used fencing material led to a saying about its so-called "Number 8 wire" mentality.
new zealand
79
It’s not Mexico, but this country, initially named Vera Cruz, was first colonized during a trip to India after Pedro Alvares (*) Cabral accidentally landed on its coast.
federative republic of brazil
80
A 2,000 year old black sarcophagus from this culture was discovered in July, 2018, (*) but as yet has not been opened.
egypt
81
It’s not Ireland, but one of this country’s Land Wars began after its first monarch was nominated by its King Movement.
new zealand
82
A dynasty of this country came to power with the help of the Cossack Brigade and employed a secret police known as the SAVAK.
iran
83
This country defeated an independence movement in the War of the Ragamuffins, which saw Giuseppe Garibaldi fight for the rebels, and it was created when one leader declared the Cry of Ipiranga.
brazil
84
The empress Gudit destroyed one ancient state in this modern-day country, whose leader Ezana led a westward attack on Meroë which was recorded on tablets in the Ge’ez language.
ethiopia
85
One empire with this name lost at Shimbra Kure to the Kingdom of Adal, and this nation at one time was led by Mengistu and a military junta named the Derg.
ethiopia
86
Early nationalist attempts at independence in this nation were led by Budi Utomo and the Sarekat (*) Islam movement.
indonesia
87
In this country, the failure to stop a crisis caused by an attempted assasination at Rua Tonelero ultimately caused one of its presidents to commit suicide.
brazil
88
This country’s Ladies in White movement sought to free those imprisoned during the Black Spring, while the song “Patria y Vida” has been popularized by recent protests here.
cuba
89
Operation Product and Operation Kraai were two massive police actions in this country.
indonesia
90
That leader used the murder of 6 army officers in 1965 to gain emergency powers in the supersemar and later founded this country’s New Order and purged its communists.
indonesia
91
The War of the Triple Alliance began with the invasion of this country’s state of Mato Grosso by Francisco Solano Lopez.
federative republic of brazil
92
The League of Nations Covenant was largely written by this country’s WWII prime minister Jan Smuts.
republic of south africa
93
This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines.
republic of south africa
94
That leader of this country also organised the (*) Bandung Conference.
indonesia
95
The Arabian Sea is to this country’s west; to its east lies the Bay of Bengal.
republic of india
96
This country’s independence was declared in the "Cry of Ipiranga."
federative republic of brazil
97
One ruler of this empire passed the Fundamental Law, creating a bicameral legislature with both a Senate and Chamber of Deputies.
ottoman empire
98
The influential mothers of this polity’s rulers were known as the valide.
ottoman empire
99
In the 1970s, a “wasted bullet” tax was charged to relatives of people killed in this country’s Red Terror who wanted to retrieve dead bodies.
ethiopia
100
This country's politics were once dominated by the “Generation of '80,” including Julio Roca, who earlier displaced the Mapuche (mah-POO-chay) people during this country's Conquest of the Desert.
argentina
101
One leader of this country led a march to Dandi to protest the British Raj’s tax on salt.
india
102
This nation’s King Farouk was overthrown in a coup led by Muhammad Naguib’s Free Officers Movement.
egypt
103
This country’s Sertão (“sare-toe”) people starved during a drought called the Grande Seca.
brazil
104
This country's police fired on a crowd protesting "pass-book laws" in the Sharpeville massacre.
republic of south africa
105
The area where this nation is now located was explored by Portuguese captain Pedro Cabral, requiring a change to the Treaty of Tordesillas {TORR-DUH-SEE-YAS}.
brazil
106
In the 1890s, merchants in this modern-day country successfully protested a concession that had been granted to a British firm to sell tobacco.
iran
107
One monarch of this nation was forced to abdicate to fight in the Liberal Wars.
federative republic of brazil
108
An earlier leader of this country shot himself in Catete Palace after ordering a failed assassination attempt on Carlos Lacerdo.
federative republic of brazil
109
A leader of this country committed suicide following the Rua (“ROOH-ah”) Tonelero incident.
brazil
110
Following that empire’s decline, this country was ruled by the Zagwe dynasty.
ethiopia
111
A military dictatorship in this country took power through a series of Institutional Acts that restricted political freedom.
federative republic of brazil
112
This country’s last president during that dictatorship continued the abertura process begun by his predecessor.
federative republic of brazil
113
The Eastern and Western Ghats mountain ranges are separated by the Deccan Plateau in this country.
republic of india
114
The Revolution of 1930 overthrew this country’s Old Republic.
brazil
115
A government in this country, which converted a Navy Engineering School called ESMA into a prison, was opposed by an activist group that walked around a pyramid every Thursday afternoon.
argentina
116
This country’s monarchs were given the honorific Dom, and included (*) Pedro I and II.
brazil
117
This country was victorious in the Battle of (*) Adwa, and was later governed by a military junta known as the Derg, which was headed by Colonel Mengistu.
ethiopia
118
This country ended the practice of slavery being an inherited condition with the passage of the Law of the Free Womb.
federative republic of brazil
119
President Juscelino Kubitschek employed Lucio Costa and (*) Oscar Niemeyer to design and construct a new capital for this country, whose independence was previously declared in the “Cry of Ipiranga” speech.
federative republic of brazil
120
In the 1980’s, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front fought against Mengistu, the leader of this country’s Derg military junta.
ethiopia
121
This country was the site of an inland customs line that utilized the “Great Hedge” to collect taxes, stretching to the state of Orissa in the southeast of this country.
india
122
Other recent discoveries from this ancient culture include the ruins of a village once located north of Cairo, and a giant statue of Rameses II.
egypt
123
The overthrow of the last member of that house, Mohammed(+)
iran
124
Jean Wyllys, a Member of Parliament and a gay rights activist, recorded an ad for this country’s president based on her support for PL 122.
federative republic of brazil
125
One monarch of this country apocryphally used an electric chair for a throne as this country did not have electricity.
ethiopia
126
Menelik II restored the power of this country, in which the (*) Axum empire ruled.
ethiopia
127
The third president of this country was killed after signing the Camp David Accords with (*) Menachem Begin.
egypt
128
This empire’s Edict of Gulhane began its Tanzimat reforms, while its devshirme recruited young boys to be trained for civil and military service.
ottoman empire
129
The BJP party holds a majority in this country’s lower house of Parliament, the (*) Lok Sabha, despite its controversial ties to the nationalistic Hindutva movement.
republic of india
130
During one war this country fought with its neighbor, citizens who volunteered to fight were known as “Fatherland Volunteers.”
federative republic of brazil
131
This country contains the world’s most populous island.
indonesia
132
In this country, Tiradentes was hanged for leading the Minas Gerais Conspiracy.
federative republic of brazil
133
The Inconfidência Mineira resulted in a man named Tiradentes’s quartering in the Minas Gerais region in this nation.
federative republic of brazil
134
This country once ruled by Juan Manuel de Rosas underwent the National Organization Process, which included the arrest and torture of leftists following the overthrow of a man whose wives Eva and Isabel also ruled this country.
argentina
135
The missionary Howard Baskerville died during the Constitutional Revolution in this country, which established its parliament.
iran
136
More recent politicians from this country have included Jorge Rafael Videla, this country's de facto leader during the Dirty War, as well as Cristina and Nestor Kirchner.
argentina
137
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was forced to flee this country in the wake of its 1979 Islamic Revolution.
iran
138
That man was overthrown following the Battle of Caseros, after which this country was ruled by a man who would command coalition forces at the beginning of the War of the Triple Alliance, Bartolome Mitre.
argentina
139
This country was assisted by Ras Gobena’s militia during its expansion, and finally united and modernized under Tewodros II.
ethiopia
140
The “Ethical Policy” sought to improve the welfare of this country’s people while it was under colonial rule.
indonesia
141
One government in this modern-day country was headed by Tafari Benti and Mengistu.
ethiopia
142
One general from this country led a campaign called Conquest of the Desert, which resulted in a victory over the Mapuche people.
argentina
143
This empire was modernized by the 19th century Tanzimat reforms.
ottoman empire
144
The provinces of Borgos, Hamasien, and parts of Tigray were ceded from this country through the Treaty of Wuchale.
ethiopia
145
The “Great Relief” ended this state’s siege of Fort St. Angelo on Malta.
ottoman empire
146
Ferries were hijacked by this country’s (*) Malecon wall, which names a series of large protests here during the Special Period.
cuba
147
P. W. Botha declared a state of emergency in this nation in 1978, after the Soweto Uprising.
republic of south africa
148
The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country’s independence from Portugal, and in 1960 it moved its capital from Rio de Janeiro.
federative republic of brazil
149
This nation fought against the Thirty-Three Orientals in the Battle of Sarandí, part of the Cisplatine War.
federative republic of brazil
150
This country where the Soweto massacre took place sentenced one of its future presidents to imprisonment on Robben Island, and it was led by F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
republic of south africa
151
The capital of this nation was once moved to Debre Berhan by Zara Yaqob.
ethiopia
152
This empire’s list of default cities in Civilization 4 includes Malatya and Marsin, and this empire gains two extra happiness from building Hammams instead of aqueducts.
ottoman empire
153
This polity employed the Enderun School to train soldiers for a force that wore distinguishing hats called borks; that school’s administrators were one of the groups in this polity’s governance to use deaf-mutes.
ottoman empire
154
(*) This country has the 2nd largest gas reserves in the world, and is the 4th largest producer of petroleum.
iran
155
The Sassanids and Parthians were based in this modern-day country.
iran
156
This empire’s ruler Selim the Grim was the father of a man who would go on to expel the Knights Hospitaller from Rhodes.
ottoman empire
157
This empire declined after its apogee in the sixteenth century, and by the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was known as the “sick old man of Europe.”
ottoman empire
158
Another monument in this country depicts a symbolically enlarged pinky and thumb with a single line across the palm, called the (*) Open Hand Monument.
india
159
In 1982, this country fought a ten-week war with Great Britain over the (*) Falkland Islands.
argentina
160
The Cry of Ipiranga declared this empire independent under Emperor (*) Dom Pedro I.
federative republic of brazil
161
One empire ruling from this modern-day country was run by the Chola dynasty, while another of its rulers’ bloody conquest of Kalinga led him to convert to Buddhism.
republic of india
162
The town of Shush in this modern-day country lies near the ancient city of Susa, the capital of the ancient Elamite kingdom.
iran
163
President Ferdinand Collor was also impeached by this nation in 1992 on charges of corruption, (*) which prompted his resignation.
brazil
164
A community in this South American nation was settled by Confederate refugees after the Civil War since this nation still had legalized slavery.
brazil
165
Hone Heke cut down a flagstaff in this nation to spark the Flagstaff War.
new zealand
166
In 1893, it became the first modern country to enact female suffrage.
new zealand
167
This country's communist party, the PKI, was blamed for the failed 30th of September coup against its first president.
indonesia
168
This country’s independence movement was opposed by men such as “Butcher” Weyler and included the Ten Years War.
cuba
169
This country’s politics was controlled by its centers of coffee and dairy production during its “coffee with (*) milk” period.
brazil
170
This nation was accused of abrogating the Gleneagles Agreement when its leader, Robert Muldoon, allowed the 1981 Springbok tour, pitting its national (*) rugby team against South Africa's.
new zealand
171
This empire employed the devshirme system to conscript Christian boys and underwent the (*) Tanzimat reforms, and this empire fell into civil war following the capture of Bayezid I by Timur in 1402.
ottoman empire
172
A 20th century ruler of this modern country said, “I hate imperialism.
indonesia
173
An earlier empire in this modern-day country had its capital at Palembang and was known as the Srivijaya empire.
indonesia
174
This country fought against the WSLF during the Ogaden War while under a government that perpetrated the Red Terror against the EPRP.
ethiopia
175
Young Christian boys were forced into this empire's elite Janissary corps.
ottoman empire
176
This nation did not receive independence from the British until 1954, and its leader Gamal Abdel Nasser {NASS-UR} (*) formed a short-lived United Arab Republic with Syria in 1958.
egypt
177
Constitutional reform in this country was investigated by the Simon Commission.
india
178
Independent since the Pernambuco revolt, when the colonial regent Pedro sided with nationalists, it was first dubbed Tierra de Vera Cruz when Pedro Cabral landed here in 1500.
federative republic of brazil
179
This polity was one of the very few pre-colonial realms to span three continents, joining the ranks of Rome and the Umayyad Caliphate.
ottoman empire
180
Anthony DePalma’s book titled for residents of this country discusses the aftermath of an attempt to harvest ten million tons of a major crop here.
cuba
181
This country’s DOI-CODI [doy koh jee] secret police tortured Vladimir Herzog to death.
federative republic of brazil
182
This country’s secret police, SAVAK, was blamed for the Cinema Rex fire, which killed hundreds of people in 1979.
iran
183
During Juscelino (*) Kubitschek’s governance of this country, Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer designed and built its new capital city, which was first proposed by Jose Bonifacio.
brazil
184
This country’s leader Juscelino (*) Kubitschek employed Oscar Niemeyer to design a centralized capital city for this country.
federative republic of brazil
185
The vizier Shawar ordered the burning of a city in this country so that Christians could not take it.
egypt
186
Amy Goodman was beat by troops of this country during the Santa Cruz massacre.
indonesia
187
During one independence movement in this country, Mangal Pandey attempted to commit suicide by pulling a gun trigger with his foot.
india
188
The Walwal incident was used as a pretext by one European nation to occupy this country once ruled by Tewodros II.
ethiopia
189
This empire’s Hayreddin Barbarossa was defeated by Don John of Austria’s (*) Holy League fleet at Lepanto, while Poland’s “Winged Hussars” drove off its 1683 siege of Vienna.
ottoman empire
190
After the Civil War, thousands of pro-slavery southerners founded the city of Americana in this country, where they became known as confederados.
brazil
191
One leader of this country said that “History will absolve me” after a failed attack at the Moncada Barracks.
cuba
192
One ruler of this empire had Ibrahim Pasha killed on his orders, and lost to Prince Eugene of Savoy at the siege of (*) Vienna.
ottoman empire
193
In this country’s early years, it faced the Praieira Revolt in its region of Pernambuco, and Giuseppe Garibaldi fought against this country in the Ragamuffin War and the (*) Cisplatine War.
federative republic of brazil
194
This country's flag contains an emblem of the word "Allah" in calligraphy as well as the words "God is great" written at the borders between its red, white, and (*) green horizontal stripes.
iran
195
Flower arrangement became popular in England following Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's writings about this empire's customs.
ottoman empire
196
One leader of this country called a snap election in 1984 while visibly drunk on national television.
new zealand
197
One far-right movement in this country used a Greek letter sigma as its symbol and was started by an author who attended its Week of Modern Art.
brazil
198
The agrarian elites of two regions in this country represented the interests of coffee and (*) dairy respectively.
brazil
199
[ah-yah-toh-lah koh-may-nee] in an Islamic Revolution.
iran
200
An activist in this country was killed by Nathuram Godse, and was a friend of its first prime minister, (*) Jawaharlal Nehru.
india
201
A dictator of this country committed suicide after he failed to assassinate Carlos Lacerda, and he discouraged the use of (*) “coffee with milk” politics.
brazil
202
States in this nation include Mato Grosso and Bahia, a center of 17th-century sugar plantations.
federative republic of brazil
203
During this country's "National Reorganization Process", thousands of desaparecidos were (*) kidnapped and killed by the government of Jorge Videla.
argentina
204
Elites in this empire’s army revolted after reforms added a new branch to the armed forces, the Nizam-I Cedit Infantry Corps.
ottoman empire
205
Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994.
republic of south africa
206
At the beginning of this country's fight for independence, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes freed his slaves, and they fought together in the Ten Years' War.
cuba
207
This nation began impeachment proceedings against its former President for budgetary fraud in 2015, and removed her from office in August, 2016.
brazil
208
Nearly 400,000 religious and administrative documents were found in this present-day country in a large storeroom, or genizah, at the Ben Ezra synagogue.
egypt
209
This country was offered nuclear weapons by Israel according to a 2010 book by Sasha Polakow-Suransky.
republic of south africa
210
The “gunfighter” type of those forts, called pa, were developed in this country’s Musket Wars, which were fought among its many iwi (“ee-wee”).
new zealand
211
One leader of this country liquidated its(+) communist PKI party, leading the way for the adoption of the Pancasila ideology.
indonesia
212
British troops helped patriots called arbegnoch win the 1941 battle of Gondar in this subjugated country.
ethiopia
213
A religion integrating traditional Bantu, Fon, and Yoruba beliefs known as Candomblé was brought to this country by slaves, but slavery in this country was later abolished in a movement that began with the passage of the Law of the Free Womb.
federative republic of brazil
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In this country, a period of political dominance by coffee planters and cattle ranchers in the early 20th century was known as its “cafe com leche” era.
federative republic of brazil
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The Rowlatt Act granted authorities in this country emergency powers which were invoked when Colonel Reginald Dyer’s troops fired on nonviolent protesters at the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
india
216
During one protest in this nation, demonstrators on Molesworth Street wore bicycle helmets to protect against police batons, and in another incident here a Cessna 172 dropped flour bombs on a stadium.
new zealand
217
This country’s politics was controlled by its centers of coffee and dairy production during its “coffee with (*) milk” period.
brazil
218
It once had its capital at Edirne.
ottoman empire
219
Eugene Terre’Blanche founded the AWB in this country in the 70s.
republic of south africa
220
If you can’t manage that, pronounce it like a K. Native people in this modern-day country were expelled past the Great Fish River.
republic of south africa
221
In April 2020, this nation’s Foreign Minister Winston Meters announced that a mercy flight, helped by Viva Expeditions and Chimu Adventures, will rescue citizens of this nation stranded in Peru.
new zealand
222
The Kimberley diamond mines are located in the Northern Cape province of this country, whose ethnic population includes many Bantu-speaking groups.
republic of south africa
223
Abu Simbel and Port Said border major waterways in this arid nation.
egypt
224
Under its Solomonic Dynasty’s King Menelik II, this country defeated an Italian invasion at the Battle of Adowa.
ethiopia
225
One notable resident of this nation taught satyagraha and led a salt march in opposition to the British government, which granted this nation independence in 1947 along with Pakistan.
republic of india
226
The victor of that election here, David Lange, appointed a finance minister who created a monetary policy of market-led restructuring and deregulation, his namesakeRogernomics.
new zealand
227
This country’s ruler Kaleb invaded southern Arabia and ruled there until 525, and a century later, Armah gave asylum to early Muslims.
ethiopia
228
Che Guevara helped move this Caribbean country to (*) Communism in 1959.
cuba
229
Estácio de Sá expelled Huguenots from the outpost called “France Antarctique” to found this modern-day country’s largest city.
federative republic of brazil
230
This country's Montoneros faction was massacred at (*) Ezeiza (“eh-SAY-sa”) airport.
argentina
231
The arrival of a group of fitaurari at the Welwel Oasis in this country led to a crisis in December of 1934.
ethiopia
232
Rulers of this empire often consulted a group of ministers known as the (*) Divan.
ottoman empire
233
In 2002, this country was the site of the Godhra train burning, which led to deadly religious riots in Gujarat that may have been promoted by this country’s current Prime Minister.
republic of india
234
A ruined hill fortress in this nation was the capital of the Kingdom of Ma ⋅ pun ⋅ gub ⋅ we, which was a predecessor to Great Zimbabwe, and it is the only nation to have voluntarily destroyed its nuclear arsenal.
republic of south africa
235
In this nation, Fernando Pereira died during Operation Satanic.
new zealand
236
According to legend, a ruler of this polity dreamt of a gigantic tree sprouting from his navel, foreshadowing the rise of this polity.
ottoman empire
237
The first president of this nation implemented the Guided Democracy system, causing a rift between him and Muhammed Hatta.
indonesia
238
Working-class supporters of that woman’s husband were called the (*) “Shirtless Ones,” or descamisados.
argentina
239
That leader was supported by this country’s facist Integralists, who imprisoned Luis Carlos Prestes and overthrew Joao Goulart.
brazil
240
This country, which was ruled by the Marxist Derg military junta, defeated (*) Italy at the Battle of Adowa while it was led by Emperor Menelik II.
ethiopia
241
This nation’s independence was recognized after a bilateral friendship treaty was signed at Wuchale.
ethiopia
242
It joined with Argentina and Uruguay in the War of the Triple Alliance, and explorer Pedro Cabral sighted this country where Getulio Vargas later ran the Estado Novo.
federative republic of brazil
243
Another conflict in this country began after Hone Heke destroyed a gift he had given to James Busby, who co-wrote a document that ambiguously translated the word “sovereignty.”
new zealand
244
An attempt to form "The Conference of the New Emerging Forces" led Zhou (*) Enlai and others to travel to this country to attend the Bandung Conference.
indonesia
245
This empire was called the “Sick Man of Europe” before World War I, and it repurposed the Hagia Sophia as a mosque when it conquered (*) Constantinople in 1453.
ottoman empire
246
Besides Jair (*) Bolsonaro
federative republic of brazil
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In 1947, this country gained its independence from the United Kingdom in a process that also resulted in the creation of Pakistan.
india
248
This nation contains 11 of the world’s 13 climate types, but water scarcity is still a major concern due to limited rainfall throughout much of this nation.
iran
249
This nation disputes ownership of the Hala’ib Triangle with its southern neighbor, and also controls the Sinai Peninsula.
egypt
250
The Basters (“BAAS-ters”) are one ethnic group in this country, while another ethnic group, the Griqua, launched large-scale slaving raids in this country’s interior.
republic of south africa
251
The N2 Gateway housing project in this nation caused twenty thousand citizens to be evicted in 2010.
republic of south africa
252
A 1935 uprising in this country was led by Plinio Salgado and a group of green-shirted fascists known as the Integralists.
brazil
253
Its former president Mohammed Morsi was replaced in a military coup by Abdelfattah al-Sisi.
egypt
254
In this country, the "Black Angel" was accused of masterminding an assassination attempt on a journalist on Tonelero Road, leading to a political crisis.
brazil
255
This nation’s decentralized Zemene Mesafint, or “Era of the Princes” concluded when Tewodros II came to power.
ethiopia
256
In an event celebrated on “Loyalty Day,” supporters of a leader of this country chanted “alpargatas yes, books no,” in reference to the shoes worn by this country’s poor.
argentina
257
The poet Jose Marti died fighting for the independence of this country, which saw the Battle of San Juan Hill as well as the site of the sinking of the USS Maine.
cuba
258
This country’s presidency alternated between candidates from two states for a four-decade period during its first republic.
federative republic of brazil
259
Those hostages were held for 444 days after an attack on the US (*) embassy from students under Ayatollah Khomeini.
iran
260
The Caspian Sea lies along this nation’s northern border, and its southern border includes the strategic Strait of Hormuz.
iran
261
This nonAmerican nation fought a devastating war with Great Britain that ended with the creation of a “Union” of four separate colonies.
republic of south africa
262
This empire was divided into provinces called Eyalet and religious groups called Millet.
ottoman empire
263
This country’s land borders are with East Timor, Papua New Guinea and Malaysia.
indonesia
264
General Güemes was instrumental in the liberation of this nation, whose independence was formalized in the Congress of Tucumán.
argentina
265
Omar Souleyman, the chief torturer in this country, was a proposed replacement president for a leader who Hillary Clinton described as a “friend of my family,” (*) Hosni Mubarak.
egypt
266
Kassa Halyu had himself crowned Emperor Theodore II in 1855, and was succeeded by Johannes, who was himself succeeded by the signer of the Treaty of Ucciali.
ethiopia
267
The Xingu river in this country is home to the large Belo Monte Dam.
federative republic of brazil
268
Note to moderator (do not read this note out loud): in the last line, the “xh” in “Xhosa” is pronounced like the click you’d make to speed up a horse.
republic of south africa
269
This country saw major conflict in the War of the (*) Triple Alliance with its allies Uruguay and Argentina, where this country was headed by the second of two emperors named Pedro.
brazil
270
The first ruler of this country fought the Confederation of the (*) Equator and supposedly declared its independence with the Cry of Ipiranga.
federative republic of brazil
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That leader, Hongi Hika, was the uncle of (*) Hono Heke.
new zealand
272
Starting in 1527, this country was overrun by Muslims led by Harar, and many of this country’s Falashas were repatriated to their religious homeland of (*) Israel in 1991 as part of Operation Solomon.
ethiopia
273
An experimental city in this country is said to belong to “humanity as a whole”, yet has less than 2,500 residents.
india
274
Another leader from this country led Operation Bluestar, which led to hundreds of deaths in the Golden Temple of Amritsar.
republic of india
275
In 1888, this country’s Princess Imperial emancipated all of its slaves with the Golden Law.
brazil
276
The current president of this country and her predecessor Lula da Silva are members of this country’s Workers’ Party.
brazil
277
One regime in this country collapsed after Prime Minister Bakhtiar and his Regency Council were unable to govern, and this country recaptured Khorramshahr in 1982 after failing to defend it from an attack across Khuzestan.
iran
278
Led by D. N. Aidit, up to a million of its members were murdered in the aftermath of the 30th of September movement’s failed coup.
indonesia
279
Another leader of this country ran for its presidency under the slogan “fifty years’ progress in five.”
federative republic of brazil
280
In this country, periods of economic reform nicknamed Rogernomics and Ruthanasia reversed the interventionist policies of Rob Muldoon's government.
new zealand
281
One Communist regime in this country was led by Mengistu and was known as the Derg, and one of its dynasties claimed descent from the Biblical king Solomon.
ethiopia
282
Cuisine from this country includes the “tandoori” style of cooking and the use of curry.
republic of india
283
That empire in this modern-day country reached its zenith under Hayam Wuruk and his Prime Minister Gajah Mada.
indonesia
284
One leader of this country subjugated indigenous peoples in the Conquest of the Desert and established the mazorca police.
argentina
285
The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech.
republic of india
286
The Duke of Caxias led this nation’s forces to victory over Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance.
brazil
287
A president of this country attempted to bring “Guided Democracy” to this country.
indonesia
288
Unrestricted access to government loans in this country led to the Encilhamento bubble.
federative republic of brazil
289
This nation is home to Great Bitter Lake and Wadi Abbad.
egypt
290
This country became a democracy after its communist Derg regime ended, and Roman Catholicism became its dominant religion under Susenyos I.
ethiopia
291
Shah Qajar, in this country, caused British Petroleum to guarantee rights for workers, which they never fulfilled.
iran
292
Gajah Mada was an influential leader of this country’s Majapahit
indonesia
293
“Rule of the Coronels” took place in the late 19th century in this country, during which the PRP and the PRM represented two powerful southern states as part of its “coffee with milk” politics.
federative republic of brazil
294
Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
republic of india
295
Topkapi Palace was built by a ruler of this empire, and another ruler of this empire signed the Treaty of Zuhab after defeating its neighboring dynasty.
ottoman empire
296
And I fear the consequences of their last bitter struggle for life.”
indonesia
297
This country was ruled by the Qajar (kuh-jer) Dynasty, which was overthrown in the White Revolution.
iran
298
To get around the absolute silence mandated at its court, courtesans practiced a form of sign language called ixarette.
ottoman empire
299
A leader of this country commissioned a report by T. B. Henderson-Brooks following poor planning by this country in one conflict.
republic of india
300
This country won the Battle of Adowa under Emperor Menelik II, who claimed direct descent from the Biblical King Solomon, though it could not prevent Italian occupation under Mussolini.
ethiopia
301
This country’s military dictatorship gained power after a war in which troops from this country were massacred at the Battle of Curupayty.
federative republic of brazil
302
One of this country’s leaders built the Mahmudiyah Canal to achieve “perennial irrigation” so that it could grow cotton.
egypt
303
The 1881 Boundary Treaty divided Tierra del Fuego (tee-AIR-ah del FWAY-goh) between this country and a smaller neighbor that shares Patagonia.
argentina
304
The Khwarezmian civilization originated from and spoke a language from this modern-day country's east prior to its conquest by Genghis Khan.
iran
305
Rulers of this nation include Lij Yasu and Tewodros II and it was once ruled by the Zagwe dynasty.
ethiopia
306
A regime in this country waged the (*) “Dirty War” against its political opponents under Jorge Videla, and later went to war with Britain over the Falkland Islands.
argentina
307
In this country, the GOU secret society led a 1943 coup to overthrow Ramon Castillo, ending its "Infamous Decade".
argentina
308
One ruler of this country was assassinated by Dimitri Tsafendas, and it passed the Population Registration Act in 1950.
republic of south africa
309
The first Standardbred horse to win a million dollars, Cardigan Bay, was from this country, whose indigenous art often features symbols representing uncurling silver ferns.
new zealand
310
In 1947, the first lady of this country visited many European countries during her goodwill “Rainbow Tour.”
argentina
311
One proposal to split this country was known as the Hoare-Laval Pact.
ethiopia
312
The "Triple A" death squad was founded in this country shortly after right-wing snipers perpetrated a 1973 massacre at the Ezeiza Airport against the left-wing Montoneros.
argentina
313
This country's first Prime Minister wrote world history textbooks for his daughter.
india
314
One leader of this polity gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech and later, alongside Tito and Nasser, co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement.
republic of india
315
The Solomonic dynasty that ruled this kingdom was interrupted by Tewodros II.
ethiopia
316
This country lost control of the Banda Oriental following the Cisplatine War.
brazil
317
That dictatorship in this country took power on the pretense that president João Goulart was a communist.
federative republic of brazil
318
One biracial leader of this country’s independence movement was nicknamed “The Bronze Titan”; that leader was Antonio Maceo.
cuba
319
Torch Commando was a group that protested disenfranchisement in this country in the 1950s, while (*) Umkhonto we Sizwe, responsible for the Church Street bombing, was a more militant group once partly based at Rivonia Farm in this country.
republic of south africa
320
Jimmy Carter lost the Election of 1980 partially due to the capture of fifty-two American diplomats in a (*) “hostage crisis” named for this country.
iran
321
The states of Natal, Cape Colony, the Orange Free State, and Transvaal were united by the British to form this modern commonwealth.
republic of south africa
322
This country’s first king declared its independence with the Cry of Ipiranga.
federative republic of brazil
323
The 10th of October Manifesto was created by Carlos Manuel de Cespedes during this country’s war for independence.
cuba
324
Events in this country prompted a 1976 Summer Olympics boycott, because New Zealand wasn’t banned from the Olympics.
republic of south africa
325
A sociology professor who served as this nation’s president was assassinated in 1966.
republic of south africa
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This country defeated (*) Italy at Adowa while led by Menelik II, but was later defeated while ruled by Haile Selassie, who is now the god of Rastafarianism.
ethiopia
327
One leader of this country led the Desert Campaign to end raids by the Mapuches and founded the Mazorca police force.
argentina
328
Groups who initially settled what is now this modern-day country brought with them the kumara, which later became a staple crop.
new zealand
329
A political leader in this country was friends with the Polish pianist Ignacy Paderewski, leading him to accept 5,000 refugees from the Soviet Union in 1942.
india
330
After this modern-day country was claimed, the explorer who discovered it sent an emissary to king Manuel I.
brazil
331
A ruler in this country allegedly killed 99 of his siblings to secure the throne and place Lion Capitals on top of massive (*) rock inscriptions.
india
332
This country launched Operation Soberanía in order to resolve a dispute over some islands with its western neighbor before Pope John Paul II personally mediated the conflict.
argentina
333
This country is home to the Cradle of Humankind, a group of limestone caves so named because it’s home to around 40% of the world’s human ancestor fossils.
republic of south africa
334
The Platt (*) Amendment was introduced into this country’s constitution to allow for American invasion at any time, and the Battles of Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill were American victories in this country.
cuba
335
The architects Avoscani and Rosi built an opera house in this country’s capital that commissioned an opera by Giuseppe Verdi.
egypt
336
This modern-day country gave a state funeral to British suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst.
ethiopia
337
In this country, a 1913 Great Strike orchestrated by the Red Feds was opposed by farmers who joined a special police called "Massey's Cossacks."
new zealand
338
In the 1930s, Plínio Salgado founded a fascist party known as the Integralists in this country.
federative republic of brazil
339
Zumbi led a revolt in one of this modern-day country’s quilombos.
brazil
340
The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country’s independence from Portugal, and a city designed by Oscar Niemeyer in 1960 replaced its former capital of Rio de Janeiro.
federative republic of brazil
341
Accounts of atrocities committed by Valeriano Weyler in this country prompted another country to intervene here.
cuba
342
In this country, the “Triple A” paramilitary group was responsible for killing many suspected communists.
argentina
343
Mohammed Hatta had a leading role in this nation’s revolution, which ended with the signing of the Linggadjati Agreement.
indonesia
344
The Palk Strait separates this country’s state of Tamil Nadu from Sri Lanka.
republic of india
345
This country was the site of the Otago gold rush.
new zealand
346
Besides Ashoka, a Mauryan grandson of Chandragupta, this site of the Salt March was home to the Mughals, and its independence movement included a man advocating satyagraha, or nonviolent resistance.
republic of india
347
In this modern-day country, the assassination of an empress who served as regent for her grandson Iyoas sparked the Zemene Mesafint period.
ethiopia
348
A namesake miracle from this country inspired the motto “love it or leave it” at the FIFA World Cup of that year.
federative republic of brazil
349
This country was invaded by another country’s Siad Barre (“see-AWD ba-RAY”) in the Ogaden War.
ethiopia
350
Murad IV brought an end to the Jelali revolts led by Karayazici in this empire, and it was later forced to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz.
ottoman empire
351
[feh-voort] banned political parties like the (*) ANC, or the African National Congress, which opposed his expansion of racial segregation.
republic of south africa
352
In the 1860s, this country's government suppressed a syncretic religious movement known as the Hauhau.
new zealand
353
Thousands of communists in this country were killed after a failed coup carried out the (*) 30th of September Movement.
indonesia
354
This country converted to Catholicism during the reign of Susenyos.
ethiopia
355
A government in this modern-day country was led by Tafari Benti and Mengitsu.
ethiopia
356
Its presidents have included Bernardino Rivadavia and Leopoldo Galtieri, while one of its governors was Juan Manuel de Rosas.
argentina
357
The resort island of Bali is part of this country, which was devastated by a 2004 tsunami and the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883.
indonesia
358
Gamal Abdel (*) Nasser and Ramses II
egypt
359
That proposal tried to end a war begun in this country by the Walwal incident.
ethiopia
360
This country’s Reunited National Party won a 1948 election under Daniel Malan despite heavily losing the popular vote due to gerrymandering.
republic of south africa
361
This country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission investigated events like the Sharpeville Massacre.
republic of south africa
362
An Argentine revolutionary in this country was shown with a stoic face and a beret in Alberto Korda's photo Guerrillero Heroico.
cuba
363
In 1975, this country’s Prime Minister convinced Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed to declare martial law, beginning this country’s two-year-long “Emergency.”
india
364
This country’s first leader gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech.
republic of india
365
Despite the Gleneagles Agreement condemning this country, their Springboks rugby team were allowed to tour New Zealand and the United States in 1981.
republic of south africa
366
One ruler was known as the “father of the poor” for his labor legislation, while the death of Prince Imperial Afonso weakened the desire of another ruler to rule.
brazil
367
Using the (+) Golden Law, this country banished slavery, and this country’s Cry of Ipiranga allowed it to declare independence.
brazil
368
One leader of this country denounced the Cohen Plan, a purported communist coup attempt, before seizing dictatorial powers.
federative republic of brazil
369
An empire that once presided in this country was conquered by the nomadic Hephthalites who were also known as the“White Huns.”
india
370
A failed military coup, the Thirtieth of September Movement, led to violence in this nation.
indonesia
371
Notable tourist attractions here include the cities of Isfahan, Qom, Shiraz and Tabriz.
iran
372
The Kebra Nagast describes the lineage of this nation’s former rulers.
ethiopia
373
Another leader of this country created the Nas-A-Kom political system and established “guided democracy,” which was ended by the reformasi in 1999.
indonesia
374
(*) Two former leaders of this nation, Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff, are currently serving prison terms for various crimes committed while in office.
brazil
375
The Botocudo people, or Aimoré, lived in this country before being nearly eliminated by its colonizers.
federative republic of brazil
376
A leader of this country employed the Duke of Caxias [kah-SHEE-ahss] to help win the War of the Triple Alliance against its neighbor.
federative republic of brazil
377
The yacht Granma transported revolutionaries to this country in the 26th of July movement.
cuba
378
The December 2004 tsunami that killed over (*) 200,000 people was caused by an earthquake off the coast of this country’s island of Sumatra.
indonesia
379
Violent episodes in this country's history include the Night of the Long Police Batons and a protracted period known as The Infamous Decade, which began after Hipolito Yrigoyen was deposed in the 1930s.
argentina
380
Getulio Vargas ended “coffee with milk” politics in this nation and later established the an (*) Estado Novo here.
brazil
381
One ruler of this country used the Cohen Plan as a pretense for totalitarian government and committed suicide after an assassination attempt on Carlos Lacerda in the Rua Tonelero incident.
federative republic of brazil
382
Riots against the pass laws led to this Sharpeville Massacre in this nation, where Desmond (*)
republic of south africa
383
(*) Patsy Reddy is the governor-general of this nation that is home to the Labour and National Parties.
new zealand
384
One rebellion in this country that began on Ramadan was led by Yoruba slaves and was known as the Malê revolt.
brazil
385
Dissidents were thrown into the ocean out of airplanes in the over 100 "death flights" conducted under this country's National Reorganization Process.
argentina
386
Another former leader of this nation, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, was investigated for corruption and money laundering in “Operation Carwash” in September, 2016, along with his wife Marisa.
brazil
387
This modern-day country's city of Persepolis, where (*) Cyrus the Great ruled, was the capital of a large empire conquered by Alexander the Great.
iran
388
I detest colonialism.
indonesia
389
In this modern-day country, Singhasari foiled a punitive expedition by the Mongols.
indonesia
390
In Civilization 6, this empire receives extra strategic resources via the unique building Grand Bazaar and can produce two unique units: the Barbary Corsair and the Janissary.
ottoman empire
391
This country had a lengthy civil war between the Federalists and the Unitarian League.
argentina
392
This country’s 1888 Golden Law made it the last nation in the Americas to abolish (*) slavery.
federative republic of brazil
393
In the early years of this nation’s republic it fought the Acre war with its neighbor and suffered a series of uprisings known as the Armada Revolts.
brazil
394
The Karoo, whose name comes from the Khoikhoi word for “desert,” is an arid region in this country, where white rhinos can be found in (*) Kruger National Park.
republic of south africa
395
11 rock cut cave Christian churches were built in a “New Jerusalem” in this country named after the Zagwe king Lalibela.
ethiopia
396
Soldiers from this country defeated a group of millenarian "rebels in the backlands" led by Antonio the Counselor.
brazil
397
This empire was the westernmost of the “Gunpowder Empires” identified by Marshall Hodgson and William McNeill for their use of gun technology.
ottoman empire
398
A far-right candidate in this country who says things like “a police officer who does not kill is not a police officer” has drawn praise from celebrities and a large Pentecostal church called the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.
federative republic of brazil
399
This nation's president was the youngest member of SCAF when a previous president resigned in 2011, and he gave a speech attacking religious extremism at its Al-Azhar University.
egypt
400
(*) Due to the lack of natural predatory mammals, this island group developed numerous species of flightless birds, such as the now-extinct moa.
new zealand
401
France did not help this nation in one war because it wanted control of Tunisia under the Treaty of Bardo.
ethiopia
402
In September 2018, hundreds of people were killed in Palu on this country’s island of Sulawesi by a tsunami.
indonesia
403
A revolutionary born in this country had his photo taken after the La Coubre explosion by Alberto Korda.
argentina
404
Another leader of this country ruled by decree during the Emergency.
republic of india
405
William Hobson led British negotiations for the Treaty of (*) Waitangi in this country.
new zealand
406
After attempting a coup with the 30 September Movement, the general Suharto overthrew the president of this country who established “guided democracy,” Sukarno.
indonesia
407
One leader of the Ngahupi tribe from this country faked conversion in order to obtain muskets, leading to the so-called Musket Wars.
new zealand
408
That city, the Roger Anger-designed Auroville, has a large golden sphere at its center.
india
409
Getulio Vargas began the Estado Novo period to lengthen his rule in this country, and rights to it was given to Portugal by the Treaty of Tordesillas.
federative republic of brazil
410
The Dutch established New Holland in this country around Maruitsstad.
federative republic of brazil
411
This country’s kings claimed direct descent from the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon.
ethiopia
412
This country maintained its sovereignty at the Battle of Adwa, although in 1936 it was united with Somaliland and Eritrea, territory Menelik II had ceded earlier to the Italians.
ethiopia
413
A period of state violence in this country was referred to as the "Dirty War."
argentina
414
The Integralists and a public works advocate of Gypsy descent named Juscelino Kubitschek hailed from this country, whose leaders once lived in (*) Catete Palace.
brazil
415
This nation's men's soccer team was only allowed to play home matches in empty stadiums in 2012 after 74 fans were killed at a league match in Port Said (sah-EED).
egypt
416
This nation benefitted from the U.S. policy of "constructive engagement" as it was led by a politician called the "Big Crocodile".
republic of south africa
417
This polity’s long land wars saw the Hutt Valley campaign and the Flagstaff War, and were characterized by the use of terraced hill forts.
new zealand
418
The New York Agreement granted land to this country and temporarily aligned it with the United States during the Cold War.
indonesia
419
Robert Napier led a British expedition in this country to rescue several imprisoned missionaries.
ethiopia
420
This landmass is believed to be one of the last settled by humans, with native populations arriving in the 13th or 14th centuries.
new zealand
421
This nation is the only one known to have voluntarily given up its selfdesigned nuclear weapons stockpile, (*) and enforced legal segregation from 19481991 in a policy termed “separateness” in its native language.
republic of south africa
422
The American journalist Amy Goodman was beaten by soldiers of this country while attempting to protect protesters during the Santa Cruz Massacre.
indonesia
423
The last king of this country was Fuad II, who was deposed in a coup led by the builder of the Aswan High Dam.
egypt
424
This empire’s spies in Civilization 5 include Nurbanu and Roxelana.
ottoman empire
425
This country allied with Uruguay and Argentina during the War of the Triple Alliance.
brazil
426
A 1690s gold rush in this country began with the discovery of gold by bandeirantes near towns like Ouro Preto.
brazil
427
The “coffee with milk” period took place in this country invaded by Francisco Solano Lopez to start the (*) War of Triple Alliance.
federative republic of brazil
428
The Fourth Labour Government in this country instituted tax reforms named after this country’s chief Finance Minister, Roger Douglas.
new zealand
429
Towards the end of his life, Ibn Khaldun became a judge in this country and taught in this country at Al-Azhar university.
egypt
430
In the Ogaden War, the Soviets switched to aiding this country.
ethiopia
431
That dam created Lake Nasser, which is named after the first president of this nation.
egypt
432
The father of this empire was originally the ruler of a Ghazi emirate but built this empire from the ashes of the Seljuks and was named Osman.
ottoman empire
433
That period is often referred to as the “Coffee with Milk Period.”
federative republic of brazil
434
This country’s descamisados were bombed in its Plaza de Mayo in 1955.
argentina
435
Despite later years under the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas, this country was a progressive force in the nineteenth century, issuing the Golden Law abolishing slavery in 1888 and becoming a federal republic the following year.
federative republic of brazil
436
A recent collection of “voices” from this country’s left was titled Dispatches from a Coup in Progress.
federative republic of brazil
437
Prime ministers of an empire in this modern-day country were given the title “peshwa.”
india
438
The (*) Tanzimat reforms were an attempt to Westernize this empire’s culture and technology.
ottoman empire
439
A 1943 (*) famine in an eastern province of this country is the subject of the book Poverty and Famines, which suggests the famine was exacerbated by the colonial policies of Winston Churchill.
india
440
A pro-fascist political leader from this country was killed in a plane crash in Taiwan in 1945 after earlier supporting a failed Japanese offensive against this country, called Operation U-Go, with the help of his "National Army".
india
441
An immediate counter-coup by conservative army officers led to the deposition of the President Sukarno, whose successor, Suharto, remained in power until 1998.
indonesia
442
This country and Israel may have conducted a joint nuclear test in the Vela Incident.
republic of south africa
443
Citizens of this country celebrate Youth Day on June 16 in honor of the Soweto Uprising.
republic of south africa
444
The Habesha people were an ethnic group that lived in this modern-day nation, whose capital was changed to Adefa during the Zagwe dynasty.
ethiopia
445
Starting in 1977, women in this country who started protesting and demanding the return of their “disappeared” children became known as the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo.
argentina
446
This empire, referred to as the “sick man of Europe,” reached its peak under (*) sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
ottoman empire
447
This empire's navy was commanded by Hayreddin Barbarossa.
ottoman empire
448
This empire successfully aided the Count of Enghien in capturing Nice from the Duke of Savoy.
ottoman empire
449
“Ruthanasia” was the name given by opponents to the continuation of the free-market Rogernomics policies carried out by Roger Douglas in this country.
new zealand
450
During World War I, an independence movement in this modern day country was named after the silk letters written to conspirators.
republic of india
451
This nation was part of the Ottoman Empire until 1867, but fought an unsuccessful war with the British in 1882, leading to its occupation.
egypt
452
The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country’s independence, and its Golden Law freed slaves under Dom Pedro II.
federative republic of brazil
453
This nation contains archipelagos such as Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz.
brazil
454
With a southern neighbor, this country resolved disputes over rubber extraction in the Treaty of Petropolis, thereby acquiring forests in Acre.
brazil
455
The eighteenth-largest country in the world, this nation of over 70 million inhabitants is bordered by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan to the north.
iran
456
This is the largest of the countries that won the War of the Triple Alliance.
federative republic of brazil
457
A leader of this country overthrew Fulgencio Batista along with his second-in-command (*) Che Guevara and brother Raúl.
cuba
458
Operation Ajax overthrew this country’s Prime Minister Mossadegh, but more recent instability in this country was caused by Mir Hossein Mousavi’s defeat in a 2009 presidential election, which sparked the “Green Revolution”.
iran
459
It’s not Uruguay, but Giuseppe Garibaldi fought alongside a secessionist movement in this country during the Ragamuffin War.
brazil
460
[“mah-juh-pah-hit”] empire.
indonesia
461
Portugal thought that this site of the kingdom of Axum was home to the legendary Prester John.
ethiopia
462
Local oligarchs in this non-Greek country divided power through the coronelism system.
brazil
463
This country achieved independence after the Cry of (*) Ipiranga by Dom Pedro
brazil
464
This country’s national motto was inspired by the Positivist thought of Auguste Comte.
federative republic of brazil
465
This country sent no troops to participate in World War I because its army was busy suppressing the Contesado Rebellion.
brazil
466
I [the first], moved several temples as part of the construction of the Aswan High Dam, and fought a war with the UK, France, and Israel after trying to nationalize the Suez Canal.
egypt
467
"Crazy-headed" irregular troops of this polity carried out the Batak massacre.
ottoman empire
468
This country, along with Syria and Jordan, was defeated by Israel in the Six-Day War after all of its (*) Sinai Peninsula was captured.
egypt
469
Giuseppe Garibaldi assisted Bento Gonçalves and António de Sousa Neto in fighting the Ragamuffin War in this country.
brazil
470
After a series of arrests by Newton Ishii in this country, the conglomerate Odebrecht [oh-duh-bresh] was renamed to Novonor.
federative republic of brazil
471
One dynasty in this country was overthrown by Mengistu and his Communist military government, the Derg, which in turn lost a civil war to an alliance of Tigrayan, Oromo, and Amharic rebels.
ethiopia
472
In 1955 this nation’s navy bombed its own Plaza de Mayo; the resulting military government later conducted the Dirty War against dissidents.
argentina
473
After a leader of this country shot himself at the Catete [caw-tay-chee] Palace, Plínio Salgado returned from exile to reform its Integralist Party.
federative republic of brazil
474
The 25th article of this country's 1853 constitution promoted European immigration, leading to 60% of this country's present-day population having (*) Italian ancestry.
argentina
475
One ruler of this country was overthrown in the Revolucion Libertadora but returned to power and was eventually succeeded by his third wife, Isabel Martinez.
argentina
476
A writer from this country wrote about the "Tiger of the Plains" in a work arguing for civilization over barbarism.
argentina
477
This country’s first monarch declared its independence in the Cry of (*) Ipiranga, and the Golden Law ended slavery in this country in 1888.
brazil
478
After fighting in the Urabi Rebellion, a prime minister of this country named Saad Zaghloul founded the nationalist Wafd Party.
egypt
479
Early Europeans mapmakers often depicted this landmass as consisting of three islands, and its isolation contributed to its biodiversity.
new zealand
480
During that rebellion in this country, it was revealed that Enfield cartridges were greased with beef fat, which led to the formation of the British Raj in this country.
india
481
This country fought a long-running insurgency by SWAPO that succeeded in 1994.
republic of south africa
482
This country’s Zemene Mesafint, or “Era of the Princes,” ended when Kassa became emperor, and, with its eastern neighbor, this country fought the Ogaden War.
ethiopia
483
Political scientist Benedict Anderson was barred from being able to enter this country until 1999 due to his writing of the Cornell Paper, which detailed the events of this country's 30 September Coup.
indonesia
484
The Druze hold that a leader who ruled from this country went into occultation, rather than mysteriously disappearing.
egypt
485
Pedro Cabral accidentally discovered this country, which was east of a line established by the Treaty of Tordesillas and thus became the only Portuguese-speaking country on its continent.
federative republic of brazil
486
Jorge Videla became the leader of this country after overthrowing (*) Isabel, whose husband had led the descamisados and married Eva Duarte.
argentina
487
This country was invaded by neighboring Iraq to limit the power of its Shia majority.
iran
488
This nation once led by Rob Muldoon was the first to grant women the right to vote.
new zealand
489
One military leader from this country known as the Duke of Caxias saw a major win at the battle of Cerro Cora that helped this country win a war.
brazil
490
This empire was defeated by Prince Eugene of Savoy at the Siege of Vienna, and its founder defeated the Seljuq dynasty to establish this empire.
ottoman empire
