HIV 1

Question 1

HIV prevalence in Oz?

Answer 1

17 000

Question 2

95% of HIV are female or male?

Answer 2

male

Question 3

HIV envelope?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

HIV origin?

Answer 4

zoonosis, bush meat consumption

Question 5

name of HIV envelope proteins?

Answer 5

gp120

gp41

Question 6

structure of HIV gag and env proteins stable or variable?

Answer 6

high degree of variability

Question 7

where do you find CD4 receptors?

Answer 7

macrophages

T-lymphocytes

Question 8

after budding of HIV, what needs to happen?

Answer 8

maturation

Question 9

why is HIV elusive and hard to cure?

Answer 9

after reverse transcriptase it can integrate into genome as DNA and remain dormant and invisible

Question 10

what does reverse transcriptase contribute to HIV’s elusiveness to our immune system?

Answer 10

has high error rate thus mutations

Question 11

HIV-1 membrane fusion sequence?

Answer 11

1. gp120 to CD4
2. chemokine coreceptor (CCR5, CXCR4)
3. coreceptor promotes gp41 fusion to membrane

Question 12

temporal difference with CCR5 and CXCR4?

Answer 12

CCR5 - early

CXCR4 - late

Question 13

HIV particles selectively infect with which strains?

Answer 13

R5 strains for CCR5

Question 14

after initial replication of HIV in resting T-cell what happens?

Answer 14

silencing of HIV expression

Question 15

how does HIV expression increase after silencing?

Answer 15

T-cell immune activation

Question 16

Nf-kB contributes to HIV how?

Answer 16

transcription factor made by active T-cells and acts as core enhancer

Question 17

Cis and Trans acting factors do what to HIV basal transcription?

Answer 17

Cis - integration/chromatin

Trans - T-cell activation (Nf-kB)

Question 18

which HIV regulatory proteins are essential for HIV replication?

Answer 18

Tat - transactivator of HIV transcription

Rev - regulator of gene expression

Question 19

Nef, vpu important in Vivo pathogenesis how?

Answer 19

down modulates MHC-1 and CD4 to decrease CTL

Question 20

what is Tetherin, TRIM5a, APOBEC3G?

Answer 20

humans’ “natural defenses” against HIV

All have been overcome by virus

Question 21

HIV vpu does 3 biggies:

Answer 21

1. degrades CD4
2. antagonizes tetherin
3. inhibit CD1d expression

Question 22

what does Vif do?

Answer 22

degrade APOBEC3 (human HIV defense)

Question 23

what needs to happen in HIV particle maturation?

Answer 23

Gag-pol precursor protein needs to be cleaves into individual proteins

Question 24

main latent HIV reservoir?

Answer 24

central T-cells

memory T-cells

Question 25

problem with latent HIV reservoir?

Answer 25

1. Treatment can’t touch it

2. comes back if you stop treatment

Question 26

what regulates HIV transcription?

Answer 26

Tat

Question 27

how to measure provirus/virion?

Answer 27

sensitive PCR