Skin&Tissue Infections

Question 1

skin microbiota mainly?

Answer 1

bacteria yeasts

Question 2

microbiota gram -ve:

Answer 2

Pseudomonas

Question 3

Gram +ve skin microbiota:

Answer 3

1. Staph epidermidis
2. Staph aureus
3. diptheroids
4. streptococci

Question 4

‘rose spots’ indicated?

Answer 4

enteric fever

Question 5

petechiae in?

Answer 5

septicaemia

Question 6

what is bacteria fasciitis?

Answer 6

necrotising

Question 7

what type of infection is impetigo/cellulitis?

Answer 7

spreading

Question 8

what type of infection is folliculitis/abscess?

Answer 8

localised

Question 9

folliculitis is infections of?

Answer 9

hair follicle from blockage

Question 10

what is a furuncle?

Answer 10

boil/abscess

Question 11

cause of folliculitis usually?

Answer 11

Staph Aureus

Question 12

where usually get furunculosis?

Answer 12

back of neck or sweaty areas

Question 13

staph saprophyticus where?

Answer 13

UTI

Question 14

Body’s primary defence against Staph Aureus ?

Answer 14

innate immunity

Question 15

How does Staph Aureus overcome neutrophils?

Answer 15

vast array of virulence factors

Question 16

what is Panton-Valentine leukocidin?

Answer 16

secreted by Staph Aureus survives neutrophils

Question 17

what staph is good at making biofilm?

Answer 17

staph epidermadis

Question 18

Staph Aureus 90% resistant to? use what?

Answer 18

penicillin, use methicillin unless MRSA then use Vancomycin

Question 19

CA-MRSA or hospital MRSA more virulent?

Answer 19

CA-MRSA more virulent

Question 20

what characterizes Impetigo?

Answer 20

bullous, crusted, pustular lesions

Question 21

what 2 things cause impetigo?

Answer 21

staph aureus

Group A B-haemolytic strep/GAS/Strep Pyogenes

Question 22

Bullous impetigo caused by?

Answer 22

Staph Aureus

Question 23

what is erysipelas?

Answer 23

rapidly spreading erythematous infection with fell defined borders, pain+fever

Question 24

difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?

Answer 24

cellulitis involved subsutaneous fat

Question 25

cellulitis and erysipelas caused by?

Answer 25

GAS/Strep Pyogenes/group A B-haemolytic strep

Question 26

Group A B-haemolytic strep AKA?

Answer 26

strep pyogenes

Question 27

Cellulitis can be caused by more than Strep pyogenes: name 2:

Answer 27

Staph Aureus | Vibrio species

Question 28

Staph aureus usually causes what kind of impetigo?

Answer 28

Bullous

Question 29

strep pyogenes AKA?

Answer 29

Group A B-haemolytic strep

Question 30

when get anaerobic cellulitis?

Answer 30

devitalised tissue

Question 31

Necrotising fasciitis/Gangrene most common cause? 2

Answer 31

Group A B-haemolytic strep/strep pyogenes | Clostridium perfringens

Question 32

B-haemolysis colour on agar?

Answer 32

clear

Question 33

a-haemolysis colour on agar?

Answer 33

green

Question 34

Group A Strep M-protein numbers and virulence?

Answer 34

lower numbers = more virulent than higher numbers

Question 35

what are NETS?, how does Group A B-haemolytic strep evade?

Answer 35

NETS = neutrophil traps | evades via DNAase

Question 36

3 ways Group A B-haemolytic strep cause damage?

Answer 36

1. direct via enzymes and toxins 2. superantigens (ToxSSyn) 3. autoimmunity

Question 37

clostridia are gram what? what shape?

Answer 37

gram +ve Rods

Question 38

clostridia usually come from where?

Answer 38

environment

Question 39

clostridia aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 39

anaerobic

Question 40

2 clostridia most common?

Answer 40

C. tetani | C. perfringens

Question 41

where does clostridia spores like to germinate/replicate?

Answer 41

anaerobic devitalized tissue

Question 42

clostridia in litmus milk?

Answer 42

blasted apart denatured milk proteins

Question 43

2 situations when Pseudomonas can infect?

Answer 43

diabetic foot ulcer | Burns

Question 44

2 kinds of fungi that cause skin/soft tissue infection?

Answer 44

1. dermatophytes | 2. Yeasts (Candida)

Question 45

what is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 45

candida from primary immunodeficiency

Question 46

arthropods eg?

Answer 46

insects, ticks, mites

Question 47

when is crusted scabies happen?

Answer 47

elderly, immunosuppressed

Question 48

two kinds of Herpes Simplex virus apperance?

Answer 48

1. oral herpes | 2. eczema herpeticum

Question 49

2 main viruses causing skin infections?

Answer 49

Varicella | HSV

Question 50

why impregnate with silver?

Answer 50

suppress pseudomonas

Question 51

how to treat abcess?

Answer 51

drain | antibiotic