HIV Flashcards

(12 cards)

1
Q

Pathology

A

HIV binds to CD4
-Depletion and impaired function of CD4+ cells →
immune dysfunction

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2
Q

Virology

A

ssRNA retrovirus
1. After entry, viral reverse transcriptase makes DNA
copy of viral RNA genome.
2. Viral integrase enzyme integrates this with host DNA
3. Core viral proteins synthesised by host and then cleaved by viral protease into mature subunits
4. Completed virions released by budding

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3
Q

Acute infection

A

Normally asymptomatic
Transient illness 2-6wks after exposure
Fever, malaise, myalgia, pharyngitis, macpap rash

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4
Q

AIDS

A

AIDS

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5
Q

Diagnosis

A

ELISA: detect serum (or salivary) anti-HIV Abs
Western Blot: for confirmation
PCR: can detect HIV virions Rapid Antibody Tests: results should be confirmed by Western Blot

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6
Q

Stages

A

Stage 1:
- Primary infection - Cd4+ > 500 cells - asymptomatic

Stage 2:
Latent infection - Cd4+ < 500 cells - mild symptoms

Stage 3:
Symptomatic infection- Cd4+ < 350 cells - advanced symptoms

Stage 4 AIDS- cd4+ < 200 cells - HIV or AIDs - severe symptoms

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7
Q

AIDs defining illnesses

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma - vascular neoplasm caused by herpes
Pneumocystis Pneumonia - pneumocystis jiroveci fungus
Oral candidiasis

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8
Q

Testing

A

Opt out approach

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9
Q

HAART

A

2 x nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
AND 1 :
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
• Protease inhibitor
• Integrase inhibitor
• CCR5 inhibitor

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10
Q

When to give HAART

A

As soon as possible

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11
Q

HIV exposure

A

Post-needle-stick = 0.3% (1/300)

  • Report to occupational health
  • Immunise against hep B (active + passive)
  • Test blood from both parties: HIV, HBC, HCV
  • Repeat recipient testing @ 3 and 6mo
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12
Q

PEP

A

Post exposure prophylaxis

  • In high-risk exposure from HIV + or unknown source.
  • Start ASAP
  • Continue for at least 28d
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