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SS- Heme > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

tat

A

transactivator of transcription: enhances rate of transcription
drives from latent to active replicative state

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2
Q

rev

A

affects mRNA transport out of nucleus

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3
Q

nef

A

contribute to virus pahtogenesis; nonessential in cell culture

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4
Q

vpr

A

contribute to virus pahtogenesis; nonessential in cell culture

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5
Q

vpu

A

contribute to virus pahtogenesis; nonessential in cell culture

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6
Q

vif

A

contribute to virus pahtogenesis; nonessential in cell culture

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7
Q

env

A

gp160: gets cleaved to p120 and p41

envelope proteins

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8
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

generation of a sDNA copy of the genome after virus uncaring

req. for replication

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9
Q

p11

A

protease
req. for maturation
cleaved from pr170

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10
Q

p32

A

integrase
req. for replicaiton
cleaved to pr170

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11
Q

unique feature of HIV integration

A

does not req. cell division

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12
Q

gp120

A

receptor binding

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13
Q

gp41

A

membrane fusion activity

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14
Q

pol

A

polymerase/RT

cleaved from pr170

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15
Q

protein inhibitors

A

prevent cleavage of core protein

results in release of non infectious particles

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16
Q

What is gag cleaved into?

A 
aka pr55
cleaved into
1. nucleocapsid (p7)-> binds RNA genome
2. capsid (p24)-> forms cylindrical core
3. matrix (p17)-> lines inner surface of viral envelope
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17
Q

RRE

A

rev response element

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18
Q

ELISA

A

detects p24 capsid protein and HIV Ab

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19
Q

Rapid oral, whole or serum test

A

HIV Ab detection

latent and active

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20
Q

Western blot

A

p24 and gp120 detection needed

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21
Q

most important HIV receptor in outcome of HIV infection

A

CCR5: delta 32 mutations
homozygous mutation in CCR5: infected, but never get full blown AIDS
heterozygotes: AIDS is developed more slowly
Nef deletion: also has long term survivors

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22
Q

RT-PCR

A

quantitates viral RNA levels

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23
Q

PCR

A

quantitates amount of provirus in lymphocytes (latent and actively dividing)

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24
Q

bDNA assay

A

no amplification needed
hybridization with highly ranched, labeled DNA probe
quantitate viral RNA levels in blood

25
Q

preganancy HIV Tx

A

NRTI: lamivudine, zidovudine
NNRTI: Nevirapine
PI: Lopinavir/ritonavir

26
Q

NRTIs

A

oral
NO CYP3A4
tenofovire, didanosine, abacavir, , emtricitabine
lamivudine, zidovudine, stavudine

27
Q

NNRTIs

A

oral

efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine

28
Q

HIV-1 protease inhibitors

A

atazanavir, ritonavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, saquinavir

29
Q

fusion inhibitors

A

enfuvirtide

maravaroc

30
Q

DNA strand transfer inhibitor

A

raltegravir

31
Q

What is unusual about abacavir?

A

metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase

32
Q

nevirapine

A

induces CYP3A4 and 2B6: oral contraceptive failure

33
Q

efavirenz

A

induces CYP3A4 and 2B6: oral contraceptive failure

OK with rifampin and rifabutin (CYP inducers) if dose is increased (because metabolized faster with CYP induction)

34
Q

delavirdine

A

inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C10

35
Q

atazanavir

A

inhibits 3A4 and UGTNOT used with rifampin

36
Q

daunavir and lopinavir

A

3A4 substrates

used with ritonavir to boost serum drug levels

37
Q

ritonavir

A

inhibits 3A4, 2D6, P-gp, UGTNOT used with rifampin

38
Q

enfuvirtide

A

NOT orally active

SC

39
Q

cobicistat

A

oral
CYP3A4 inhibitor
use with: lopinavir

40
Q

saquinavir

A

inhibits 3A4, UGT

NOT used with rifampin

41
Q

atripla

A

once daily pill: complete regimen
MOST common
tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz

42
Q

NRTI side effects

A

BBW: lactic acidosis, hepatic disease (contra in abacavir)
AVOID ALCOHOLs :(
most often in obese women

43
Q

NRTIs: pancreatitis

A

didanosine and stavudine

pain in back and digestion issues

44
Q

NRTIs: neutropenia and anemia and myopathy

A

zidovudine

45
Q

NRTIs: neuropathy

A

stavudine» didanosine

46
Q

NRTIs: hypersensitivity

A

abacavir

47
Q

NNRTIs: hypersensitivity

A

females

hypersensitivity

48
Q

NNRTIs: vivid dreams and CNS symptoms

A

efavirenz

49
Q

NNRTIs: contraindicated in pregnancy

A

efavirenz and delavirdine

50
Q

NNRTI: SE

A

rash and hepatotoxicity

51
Q

protease inhibitor SE

A

GI intolerance, lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia/DM, dyslipidemia, severe rash in steven johnson’s syndrome
*atazanavir most likey to get lipodystrophy

52
Q

pneumocystis jiroveci or toxoplasmosis

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

53
Q

TB

A

isoniazid and pyridoxine

54
Q

CMV retinitis

A

ganciclovir
valganciclovir (only oral one and prophylaxis too)
Res: mutation to viral kinase

NO viral kinase needed:
foscarnet
cidofovir

55
Q

cryptococcus, candidiasis, endemic, fungal infections

A

fluconazole

56
Q

valganciclovir: SE

A

leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
CI: excretion is in excess of renal blood flow due to filtration and active renal tubular secretion; renal failure: accumulation over time

57
Q

foscarnet: SE

A

hospital admin.
nephrotoxicity
need saline hydration by infusion pump because highly insoluble: can get genital ulcerations due to high levels of ionized drug in urine

58
Q

EBV

A

vidarabine: applied to eye

nucleoside analog

59
Q

Kaposi

A

cidofovir, IV

renal clearance, active tubular secretion; nephrotoxicity

SS- Heme (13 decks)

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