Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive and sexual health > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells express CD4? (4)

A

Th cells
Macrophages
Monocytes
Macroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal range of CD4+ Th cells

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What range of CD4+ predisposes to opportunistic infections?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are HIV replication rates highest?

A

Very early and very late infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline how a person becomes infected with HIV (5)

A 
Exposure to virus in mucosal surface
Mucosal CD4 cells become infected
Migrate to regional lymph nodes
Virus replicates
Infection is disseminated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The four main stages of HIV infection

A
  1. Seroconversion illness
  2. Asymptomatic illness
  3. Symptomatic infection
  4. AIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long after infection does the initial seroconversion illness manifest?

A

About 2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of seroconversion?

A

glandular fever-like illness- rash, fever, myalgia, pharyngitis, headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the manifestations of symptomatic infection prior to AIDS? (2)

A

General systemic symptoms

Minor opportunistic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of an opportunistic infection?

A

Infection caused by a pathogen which does not normally cause disease in a healthy individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hamatological manifestations of HIV/AIDS (2)

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causative organism of pneomocystis pneumonia

A

Pneomocystic jiroveci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples pulmonary OIs (4)

A

TB
Bacterial pneumonia
Pneumocystic pneumonia
Mycobacterium avium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is miliary TB?

A

Disseminated TB characterized by tiny lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OI which causes multiple cerebral abscesses

A

Toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OI which causes reduced visual acuity and floaters

A

CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of meningitis seen in AIDS (3)

A

Viral
Aseptic
Cryptococcal

18
Q

Caused by the John Cunningham virus

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

19
Q

Symptoms of HIV-associated encephalopathy (2)

A

Reduced short term memory, motor problems

20
Q

Cancers associated with AIDS (3)

A

Kaposi sarcoma
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Cervical cancer

21
Q

What is Slim’s disease and what is thought to cause it?

A

HIV-associated wasting

Chronic immune activation; anorexia; malabsorption; hypogonadism

22
Q

What causes Kaposi sarcoma?

A

Human herpes virus 8

23
Q

Where are Kaposi sarcoma seen? (3)

A

Skin
Mucuous membranes e.g. mouth
Visceral e.g. lungs, gut

24
Q

Hamatological manifestations of HIV/AIDS (2)

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

25
Q

Commonest mode of transmission of HIV

A

Sexual transmission

26
Q

Factors which increase the risk of sexual transmission (4)

A

Anoreceptive sex
Genital ulceration
Trauma
Concurrent STI

27
Q

Means of parenteral transmission (3)

A

“Works” sharing
Infected blood products
Iatrogenic

28
Q

What are the chances of at-risk children contracting HIV?

A

1/4

29
Q

How can HIV be transferred mother to child? (3)

A

Transplacenta
Trauma during delivery
Breastfeeding

30
Q

Why is the prevalence of HIV increasing while the incidence falls?

A

More people living with HIV- fewer people progressing early to AIDS/death

31
Q

In which groups is the prevalence of HIV highest?

A

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and Black African men and women

32
Q

Which group are most likely to be undiagnosed/present late?

A

Heterosexual men

33
Q

Four general scenarios where testing is recommended

A

In high prevalence areas (inc Tayside)
In particular services (e.g. GUM, TOP, drug dependency clinics)
High risk groups (MSM and their female partners, IVDU)
Where HIV falls into the differential

34
Q

Prophylaxis of PCP

A

Co-trimoxazole 480mg daily

35
Q

What is highly active anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Combination of three drugs from at least two anti-viral classes

36
Q

In what two ways are the chances of preventing resistance enhancced?

A

Multi drug treatment

Ensuring adherence

37
Q

Three strategies for partner notification

A

Patient referral
Provider referral
Conditional referral

38
Q

Strategies to prevent onward transmission (5)

A 
Condom use
HAART to suppress viral load
 partner disclosure 
scale up testing programmes 
PEP/ PrEP
39
Q

Fertility options for serodiscordant couples (3)

A

Sperm washing with IUI/IVF
Timed sex with HAART +/- PrEP
Self-insemination

40
Q

How should the baby be delivered to prevent MTCT? (2)

A

Vaginal delivery if undetectable viral load

C-section if detectable

41
Q

Length of PEP for neonates?

A

4 weeks

42
Q

What did the HPTN-52 trial show?

A

Early HAART reduced sexual transmission in serodiscondart couples by 95% compared to untreated

Reproductive and sexual health (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions