Flashcards in HIV/AIDS Deck (53)
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1
Which HIV is most common
HIV I
2
What does HIV stand for
Human immunodeficiency virus
3
Where do we believe that HIV originated from
Chimpanzees
4
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
5
Which two criteria are needed to call the patient AIDS
Opportunistic infections and T cells under 200
6
What type of virus is HIV
Retrovirus
7
Do HIV virus RNA or DNA
RNA
8
How many genes does HIV have
Nine
9
Which enzymes does HIV need to carry with it
Reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
10
Is HIB enveloped or non-enveloped
Enveloped (has spikes)
11
How is HIV transmitted from one person to another
Sex, blood, mother to baby
12
Mother to baby transmission is also defined as
Vertical transfer
13
What are the chances of the baby contracting HIV from a mother who takes no precautions against prevention
30%
14
What are some preventative measures pregnant women can take to decrease the chances of transmitting HIV to their baby
Take antivirals, have a C-section delivery, no breast-feeding, baby takes antivirals after birth
15
What are the chances of a baby contracting HIV from a mother who does take precautions
1%
16
Which type of cell receptors does HIV target
Cell with CD4 receptors in co receptors
17
Which type of cell does HIV attack
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, helper T cells
18
What are some possible co receptors
CCR5 or CXCR4
19
After the HIV virus fuses with the cell and I'm coats, what is the first enzyme that comes into play
Reverse transcriptase takes the RNA to DNA
20
What other enzymes helps with the integration process
Integrase
21
After the virus has integrated does it go latents or remain active
Either – it can go latent or go active
22
What's the virus called when it becomes integrated
Provirus
23
What is the third enzyme that comes into play
Protease
24
What does protease do
Cuts proteins
Makes the cut so proteins can fold into a functioning protein
25
How does a HIV get out of the cell
It buds out
26
What does it mean to have a latent HIV infection
The virus is not making more of itself (not active)
Acting as a reservoir that I can become active at a later date
27
In which immune system does HIV use mechanisms to avoid the system
Both cellular and humoral systems
28
Although killer T cells can do a pretty good job at attacking the HIV virus, why can't killer T cells completely get rid of the virus
Because of the reservoirs --> HIV virus living in reservoirs do not present antigens so killer T cells don't recognize them to kill them
29
What happens to killer T cells overtime (10+ years)
Bone marrow is no longer available to keep up with the demand and helper T cells cannot activate because they have been depleted
30
