HIV Misc Flashcards
(5 cards)
HIV lineages/groups
HIV 1: 4 lineages M,N,O,P
M group divided into 9 subtypes: A,B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K
HIV 2: 9 lineages A to I
Most common - C 42%
HIV life cycle
Infection of cells mediated by gp120 envelope glycoproteins.
Receptor- T cells have CD4 receptors - lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages.
Other receptors used - CCR5 and CXCR4 - CCR5 inhibitors useful here.
Once HIV binds to CD4 + other receptors, gp41 fuses the virus and it enters into the cytoplasm - fusion inhibitors useful here.
In the CYTOPLASM, RNA undergoes reverse transcription to ssDNA and then to dsDNA. dsDNA forms a complex with the viral and host proteins and is transported to the nucleus.
dsDNA integrates into host genome by DNA splicing by viral integrase or forms DNA circles.
The integrated virus is called PROVIRUS. Transcription of viral RNA occurs by host RNA polymerase. Mature virions are assembled.
HIV protease is activated and is needed for viral maturation - encapsulation of the viral proteins.
ART classes
8 main types SEE IMAGE IN ALBUM
- NRTI- inhibit RT
Used as backbone
Abacavir
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine
Zidovudine
Lamivudine
- NNRTI - inhibits RT
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
Doravirine
- Integrase inhibitors
Dolutegravir
Cabotegravir
Bictegravir
Raltegravir
- Protease inhibitors
Darunavir
Atazanavir
Lopinavir - only available as Lopinavir/ritonavir
- Boosters
Ritonavir
Cobicistat
- Entry inhibitors& fusion inhibitors
CCR5 inhibitors - Maraviroc
gp41 fusion inhibitor - Enfuvirtide
Leronlimab- anti CCR5
- Post attachment inhibitor
Ibalizumab - anti CD4 antibody
- Capsid inhibitor
Lenacapavir
HCW with HIV EPP
HIV & OH physician reporting to UKAP
Proof of identity for all samples
HIV VL < 200 twice 3 months apart to recommence EPP
VL every 12 weeks
HIV VL & EPP restriction
<50 - no restrictions
50-200 - case by case, repeat in 10 days
200-1000 - repeat test in 10 days and if still high, NO EPP
> 1000 - NO EPP
