Homework #2 Questions

Question 1

One way to increase stability is to move the center of gravity _____.

Answer 1

lower

Question 2

What cranial nerves are near the TMJ?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves 9-12

Question 3

How can a restriction cause patchy sweating?

Answer 3

Due to reflex connection to the sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

The dorsal compartment of the TMJ is between ____ and ____.

Answer 4

Meniscus and temporal bone

Question 5

When adjusting the occiput, what is the neck stabilized by?

Answer 5

An assistant

Question 6

Which muscle action generates the most force?

Answer 6

Eccentric

Question 7

T/F: The extensor carpi radialis reflex is the most reliable thoracic limb reflex.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

It is important to repeat the motion palpation ___ times to be sure of the diagnosis.

Answer 8

1-2

Question 9

What is a complex joint?

Answer 9

A joint with 2 or more articular surfaces and a disc

Question 10

What enables the muscle spindle cell to be effective at all muscle lengths?

Answer 10

The gamma motor neuron or gamma gain.

Question 11

The cranial sympathetic ganglion is located where?

Answer 11

At the base of the skull, near the TMJ.

Question 12

Which group of muscles lies ventral to the cervical spine?

Answer 12

Longus

Question 13

What muscles make up the thoracic sling?

Answer 13

Trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis, pectorals

Question 14

T/F: Joint laxity is a contraindication for manipulation.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Where does pain occur?

Answer 15

In the brain

Question 16

Why does rubbing or shaking an injured part help decrease pain?

Answer 16

Motion stimulates the Ia fibers which inhibit nociception.

Question 17

T/F: When adjusting the front limb the limb should be weight-bearing.

Answer 17

FALSE: The limb should be NON-weight bearing.

Question 18

During manipulation the dog’s mouth should be (open/closed)?

Answer 18

Open

Question 19

T/F: Because the TMJ is a high motion joint we need to palpate it with high force

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

What are two possible restrictions of the atlas?

Answer 20

Dorsal and cranial

Question 21

What divides the TMJ into 2 compartments?

Answer 21

Meniscus

Question 22

A dog that is paraplegic but still has deep pain is considered to have what grade of spinal cord lesion?

Answer 22

Grade 4

Question 23

T/F: If a manipulation does not restore normal ROM you should make no more than 2-3 attempts at manipulation in 1 day.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

T/F: Increasing nociception and perpetuating inflammatory factor are two ways the sympathetics can promote the subluxation complex.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

How does head position affect the sympathetics?

Answer 25

Lowering the head stimulates the parasympathetics and calms the sympathetics

Question 26

Which cervical vertebra has demi-facets?

Answer 26

C7

Question 27

What is the stretch-shortening cycle?

Answer 27

Eccentric loading of the muscle just prior to concentric action to increase the force produced

Question 28

A dog that is paraplegic and has absent patellar tendon reflexes likely has a lesion at ___.

Answer 28

L4-S3

Question 29

Which mechanoreceptors inhibit or cause relaxation to the muscle that they are in?

Answer 29

Golgi tendon organs

Question 30

T/F: The neck should be in extension during motion palpation

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

The caudal and middle cervical sympathetic ganglion are near the ____.

Answer 31

First rib

Question 32

What is the patient contact point when manipulating C3 through C5?

Answer 32

Lamina-pedicle junction

Question 33

T/F: Schiff-Sherrington Syndrome indicates a lesion between T3 and L3 and generally holds a good prognosis.

Answer 33

FALSE

Question 34

Why does a dog lower its center of gravity when working, especially when the base of support is small?

Answer 34

To increase stability

Question 35

Is it possible for a cervical adjustment to improve lateral bend?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Low gamma gain can lead to tendon injury where?

Answer 36

Outside of the normal ROM

Question 37

Injury or inflammation of which ligament can affect the contents of the IVF?

Answer 37

Ligamentum flavum