Homework #4 Questions

Question 1

What is the most predominant cell type in fascia?

Answer 1

Fibroblasts

Question 2

What is static equilibrium?

Answer 2

Where all forces acting on the body are balanced

Question 3

T/F: T2 is NOT part of the stomatognathic system

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

T/F: A left AS ilium should not be uncomfortable to the patient when manipulated

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the dog?

Answer 5

36

Question 6

The superficial back line has ____ (fast or slow) twitch muscle and is used for ____ (posture or flexion)

Answer 6

slow; posture

Question 7

Extensors that are fired continually _____.

Answer 7

Fatigue

Question 8

The cranial thoracic vertebrae have ____ oriented facets, the caudal thoracic vertebrae have ____ oriented facets.

Answer 8

Coronal; Saggital

Question 9

Why is it recommended to train 3 times per week?

Answer 9

Because the first day or two after exercise collagen degradation is greater than synthesis

Question 10

As often seen in humans, overtraining flexors can lead to what?

Answer 10

Excess flexion even at rest

Question 11

T/F: Long lever techniques do not need a HVLA because the long lever increases the force applied.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Which nerves innervate the brachial plexus?

Answer 12

Spinal nerves C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2

Question 13

What is co-contraction and what effect does it have?

Answer 13

Isometric action of both agonist and antagonist to stabilize a joint

Question 14

What is a restriction as it applies to spinal manipulation?

Answer 14

A restriction is a decreased range of motion that can be manipulated

Question 15

T/F: The peroneal nerve is NOT one of the main nerves that innervate the forelimb.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Can you treat a patient with VMM and acupuncture in the same appointment?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Stomach pain can present as pain over the sternum. This is an example of viscero-somatic pain. How can pain in the viscera cause pain on the outside of the body?

Answer 17

Nociceptors from the skin and from the viscera synapse in the same part of the dorsal horn or even on the same neuron in the spinal cord–the brain cannot differentiate the two

Question 18

Why do we pull away, yell and get hot when we hit our thumb with a hammer?

Answer 18

Pain stimulates the withdrawal reflex, the limbic area of the brain and causes an autonomic response.

Question 19

What is the patient contact point for an AS ilium?

Answer 19

Tuber Coxae

Question 20

What is allodynia?

Answer 20

A normally non-painful stimulus is perceived as painful

Question 21

Collagen in fascia is produced the _____.

Answer 21

Fibroblasts

Question 22

What is maladaptive pain?

Answer 22

Pain that persists after the injury is healed

Question 23

What is a listing?

Answer 23

A listing is a description of a manipulable lesion and includes the motion unit or bone, a reference point and a direction

Question 24

Manipulation of the sacral base affects primarily which joint?

Answer 24

Lumbosacral

Question 25

How does an intense bout of exercise affect the degradation of synthesis of collagen?

Answer 25

In the first 48 hours degradation will be greater than synthesis

Question 26

In what directions does the mandible need to move?

Answer 26

Rostral, caudal, left, right

Question 27

How does the fascia function in motor coordination?

Answer 27

It transmits mechanical force

Question 28

The line of drive to manipulate a L3 dorsal listing is _______.

Answer 28

Straight dorsal to ventral

Question 29

What are anatomy trains?

Answer 29

Myofascial lines of strain and tension

Question 30

Which nerves innervate the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 30

Spinal nerves L4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2, and S3

Question 31

The canine sacrum has fewer vertebrae than the equine sacrum. Why?

Answer 31

The equine sacrum is longer because the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles attach to the sacrum in the horse.

Question 32

T/F: Pain stimulates the sympathetics.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

Flexion of the cervical spine ____ (increases/decreases) the diameter of the IVF

Answer 33

Increases

Question 34

Fibroblasts can be active or resting. What makes the fibroblasts active?

Answer 34

Mechanical stress

Question 35

How is cartilage affected when the joint loses its normal range of motion?

Answer 35

It gets less nutrition due to decreased imbibition

Question 36

Like the rigid pieces in a tensegrity model the joints should ____ in the soft tissue.

Answer 36

float

Question 37

How can high gamma gain protect us (or our patients) from injury?

Answer 37

High gamma gain means our muscles will respond to a small amount of stretch.

Question 38

What is the Gate theory?

Answer 38

The faster Ia fibers get to the spinal cord first and block the slower C fibers

Question 39

T/F: Vision can affect posture/balance and can be influenced in animals.

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

T/F: Standing "stacked" is NOT an abnormal compensatory posture (ACP).

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

T/F: A goal of the Postural System is to maintain a steady state against gravity.

Answer 41

true