Homeworks

Question 1

The process by which cells acquire and use energy is known as

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

All living organisms on this planet are composed of at least 1 cell

Answer 2

true

Question 3

All organisms that are classified in the Domain “Eukarya” are multicellular

Answer 3

false

Question 4

The ability of an organism to both survive and reproduce viable offspring is known as evolutionary _____________________

Answer 4

fitness

Question 5

Adaptive traits will ALWAYS lead to an increase in an individual’s fitness

Answer 5

true

Question 6

The physiological process by which an organism maintains internal stability and equilibrium is known as ________________________

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

here are “5” kingdoms within the Domain Eukarya

Answer 7

false

Question 8

What is the missing level in the taxonomic hierarchy? Class –> ___________ –> Family –> Genus

Answer 8

order

Question 9

The Biological Species Concept can only be applied to sexually reproducing species

Answer 9

true

Question 10

The maximum number of individuals in a population that can be sustained in an environment given the available resources in that environment is known as the population’s ______________________ capacity

Answer 10

carrying

Question 11

The study of the patterns in the geographic distribution of species is known as __________________________

Answer 11

biogeography

Question 12

Fossils will typically form in sedimentary rocks

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Based on the Law of ________________________, fossils that are found near the surface of the Earth are geologically younger than fossils found deeper in the Earth’s rock strata

Answer 13

superposition

Question 14

All living beings on the planet are subject to the forces of natural selection, including modern humans

Answer 14

true

Question 15

This domain of life contains single-celled organisms that can live in hot springs, deep in ocean vents, and in high saline environments: ______________________________

Answer 15

archaea

Question 16

The process of genetic drift typically results in increased genetic diversity within natural populations of species

Answer 16

false

Question 17

Based on the paleontological Law of _______________________, fossils and living organisms in the same geographic region resemble each other, but are distinct from organisms found in other biogeographical areas

Answer 17

succession

Question 18

The study of homologous structures yields clues about the common ancestry between closely related extant species

Answer 18

true

Question 19

The study of comparative _______________________ attempts to examine the body forms and structures of different major groups of organisms

Answer 19

morphology

Question 20

Fossilized Archaeopteryx provides an example of a transitional form between extinct reptiles and modern birds

Answer 20

true

Question 21

In the process of morphological _______________________, environmental pressures cause two completely unrelated species to develop similar traits

Answer 21

convergence

Question 22

The majority of mutations that occur within DNA cause negative effects on the fitness of organisms

Answer 22

false

Question 23

Both bottleneck effects and _______________________ effects may potentially cause a natural population to undergo genetic drift

Answer 23

founder

Question 24

HOX genes play an important role in the embryological development of animals; common ancestry between closely related organisms may be determined by examining similarities in the structure and function of their HOX genes

Answer 24

true

Question 25

A(n) ________________________ structure is a useless or rudimentary body part that has an important function in other, closely related species

Answer 25

vestigial

Question 26

The study of microevolution examines the changes in gene allele frequencies within a population over time

Answer 26

true

Question 27

In ___________________________ selection, the intermediate form of a trait is favored

Answer 27

stabalizing

Question 28

In order for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium there must be no mutations, no selection, and active mate choice (mating is not random)

Answer 28

false

Question 29

Gene ________________ is the transfer of alleles from the gene pool of one population to the gene pool of another population in a species

Answer 29

flow

Question 30

In disruptive selection, both extreme versions of a given trait are favored and will lead to an increase in fitness

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Animals in the Class: Chondrichthyes are the first, evolutionarily, to have skeletons primarily composed of bone

Answer 31

false

Question 32

The scientific study of fish is known as ___________________________

Answer 32

ichthyology

Question 33

The pelvic claspers on male sharks are primarily used for reproductive purposes

Answer 33

true

Question 34

In sharks, the _____________________ of Lorenzini are structures that have the ability to detect magnetic fields generated by other organisms in the environment

Answer 34

ampullae

Question 35

Bony fish (Osteichthyes) have either placoid scales or ctenoid scales

Answer 35

false

Question 36

The swim (gas) ____________________________ in bony-fish (Class: Osteichthyes) is used to adjust for differences in water pressure as the fish moves up and down the water column (buoyancy)

Answer 36

bladder

Question 37

Fish have a 2-chambered heart, an atrium and a ventricle

Answer 37

true

Question 38

The _____________________________ line of fish contains neuromast organs that allows the animal to detect movements in the surrounding water column (mechanoreception)

Answer 38

lateral

Question 39

Anurans are the most diverse (speciose) order of Class: Amphibia

Answer 39

true

Question 40

According to the Open Terrestrial __________________________ Hypothesis, amphibians underwent a major adaptive radiation on terrestrial habitats due to the wide availability of resources

Answer 40

niche

Question 41

The tympanic membrane of many amphibians lends to advancements in olfaction and chemoreception in terrestrial habitats

Answer 41

false

Question 42

In double circulation, the two major circuits in which blood travels are known as the _________________________ circuit, and the systemic circuit

Answer 42

pulmonary

Question 43

In the amphibian heart, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the two atria

Answer 43

false

Question 44

In the amphibian heart, oxygenated blood moves from the ventricle, through a valve known as the ________________ arteriosus and into the aorta

Answer 44

conus

Question 45

Lungless salamanders engage in gas exchange through a process known as cutaneous respiration

Answer 45

true

Question 46

The evolutionary innovation of the amniotic egg allowed reptiles to inhabit drier terrestrial environments than amphibians

Answer 46

true

Question 47

The _________________________ of the amniotic egg allows the reptilian embryo to exchange gases with the egg's external environment

Answer 47

chorion

Question 48

All reptiles possess a 4-chambered heart

Answer 48

false

Question 49

The _____________________________ of the reptilian amniotic egg has the ability of storing waste produced by the embryo

Answer 49

allantois

Question 50

Frogs and Toads are the most diverse order of amphibians

Answer 50

true

Question 51

The ventral part of a turtle's shell is known as the _____________________________

Answer 51

plastron

Question 52

Approximately half the snake species on the planet are venomous

Answer 52

false

Question 53

Most reptiles have ____________________________ skulls, meaning they have two openings in their skull posterior to the orbit

Answer 53

diapsid

Question 54

The group of reptiles that are most closely related to birds evolutionarily are the Crocodilians

Answer 54

true

Question 55

Newborn young that are helpless at birth and require parental care to survive are known as _______________________ young

Answer 55

altricial

Question 56

All birds are ectothermic and possess a 4-chambered heart

Answer 56

false

Question 57

Songbirds in the order Passeriformes have a specialized voice box known as a(n) ________________________ that allows individuals to create complex songs and sound patterns

Answer 57

syrinx

Question 58

Most flightless birds lack pneumatized bones

Answer 58

true

Question 59

The type of feathers of a bird that are primarily used for powered flight are the _______________________ feathers

Answer 59

contour

Question 60

Some birds are able to detect and utilize the Earth's magnetic field in order to help them navigate during migration

Answer 60

true