quizzes Flashcards
(21 cards)
The three orders of amphibian life are the Anura, _________________________, and
_____________________ (must use scientific taxonomic names)
Caudata, Gymnophiona
What is cutaneous respiration?
The ability to exchange gases through your skin
Briefly explain the Open Terrestrial Niche Hypothesis as an explanation for the expansion of early
amphibian life.
Amphibian life became prominent on land due to the increased competition for
resources in aquatic environments – there were many unoccupied niches on land that could provide habitat,
protection from predators, and food
The tympanic membrane in some amphibians led to advancements in what sense?
hearing
The two major circuits in double circulation are the ___________________ circuit, where blood is
oxygenated, and the _______________________ circuit, where oxygenated blood is passed from
the heart to the rest of the body (1 point) – NOTE: You will have to know the pathway of blood through the
amphibian heart in greater detail for the final.
pulmonary, systemic
Name 3 physiological and / or ecological / behavioral transitions that occur as a tadpole develops into an
adult frog
Transition 1 – Fin to Limb
Transition 2 – Diet shift from herbivore to carnivore
Transition 3 – Respiration shift from gills to lungs
Transition 4 – Habitat shift from fully aquatic to semi-aquatic (amphibious
Name three adaptations in the frog skeleton that allow them to be efficient jumpers (3 points
Adaptation 1- Long limbs
Adaptation 2 – Fused bones in the forelimbs and hindlimbs
Adaptation 3 – Pelvic girdle adapted for shock absorption when landing from a long leap
Adaption 4 – Shortened Vertebral column
What is the purpose of the unkenreflex in salamanders?
Display aposematic coloration on the ventral side of the body – predator avoidance
The scientific study of fish is known as
ichthyology
The Class: Chondrichthyes have a flexible skeleton that is primarily composed of
cartilage
What is the difference between a heterocercal caudal fin and a homocercal caudal fin? Provide an example of
an animal with a heterocercal caudal fin.
Difference – homocercal tail – symmetrical; heterocercal tail – asymmetrical
Example of animal with heterocercal caudal fin – any type of shark / Chondrichthyes
What is the function of the pelvic claspers on male sharks?
reproduction
What does it mean when we say an animal (such as sharks) have polyphyodont teeth?
Teeth are constantly replaced throughout the animal’s life – multiple sets of teeth
What is the difference between viviparity and oviparity?
viviparity-give borth to live young
oviparity- give borth to eggs
What type of scales do sharks have? ______________________ Name two of the three types of
scales that bony fish have: ___________________ and _________ _______________ (1.5
points)
placoid, cycloid, ctenoid, or ganoid
What is the function of the following structures in fish?
Gas bladder - Buoyancy; adjust for differing pressures as the fish moves the water column
Briefly explain how sharks can detect weak magnetic fields emitted from other marine organisms (include
the name of the structures that sharks possess that allow them to do this)
Through the Ampullae of Lorenzini found on the shark’s rostrum (jelly-filled canals that are attached to nerves and
can detect magnetic fields)
What is the dual function of the liver in sharks?
Function 1: Buoyancy; adjust for changing pressures as a shark moves through the water column
Function 2: Filtration of toxins from blood OR emulsification of fats
Name two differences morphological and / or physiological differences between skates and rays:
Difference 1: Skates: Oviparous Rays: Viviparous
Difference 2: Skates: Non-Venomous Rays: Possess venomous barbs
Many bony fish possess sharp ray-likes bones in their fins known as
________________________, which aid in suppor
_lepidotrichia
What is the purpose of the many tissue folds that are found on the gills of bony fish?
Increase the surface area for gas exchange
