HOMININS/TOOL CULTURE

Question 1

what time period did australopithecus afarensis live?

Answer 1

3.9-8.9 million years ago

Question 2

where did australopithecus afarensis live?

Answer 2

East Africa

Question 3

what was the brain capacity of Australopithecus Afarensis?

Answer 3

430cm^3

Question 4

what time period did Australopithecus Africanus live

Answer 4

3.2-2 million years ago

Question 5

what location did Australopithecus Africanus live in?

Answer 5

Southern africa

Question 6

what was the brain capacity of Australopithecus Africanus

Answer 6

480cm^3

Question 7

what was the time period for Paranthropus Robustus

Answer 7

2-1 million years ago

Question 8

what location did Paranthropus Robustus live in

Answer 8

South Africa

Question 9

what was the brain capacity for Paranthropus Robustus

Answer 9

520cm^3

Question 10

what was the time period for Homo Habilis

Answer 10

2.3-1.5 million years ago

Question 11

where were Homo Habilis located ?

Answer 11

Eastern and Southern Africa

Question 12

what was the brain capacity of Homo Habilis

Answer 12

610cm^3

Question 13

what tools did Homo Habilis use?

Answer 13

Oldewan tools

Question 14

what type of food exploiting lifestyle did Homo Habilis live?

Answer 14

Scavenging Hunter lifestyle

Question 15

what was the time period of Homo Erectus

Answer 15

1.9 - 110,000 years ago

Question 16

what location did Homo Erectus live in?

Answer 16

migrated out of Africa into Europe and Asia

Question 17

what was the brain capacity of Homo Erectus

Answer 17

800 - 1100cm^3

Question 18

what lifestyle did Homo Erectus live? (3)

Answer 18

Terrestrial, no longer Aboreal
cared for elderly/sick
possibility of language

Question 19

who was the first Hominin to use fire?

Answer 19

Homo Erectus

Question 20

what tools were used by Homo Erectus?

Answer 20

Acheulian Tools - large hand axes, pointed picks, straight edged cleavers

Question 21

what was the time period of Homo Neanderthalensis?

Answer 21

350,000 - 28,000 years ago

Question 22

what location did Homo Neanderthalensis live in?

Answer 22

Europe and the Middle East

Question 23

what was the brain capacity of Homo Neanderthalensis

Answer 23

1500cm^3

Question 24

what lifestyle did homo neanderthalensis live? (5)

Answer 24

features suited to colder climate
controlled fire
communicated with language
wore clothing
hunter gatherer lifestyle

Question 25

what tool culture was used by homo neanderthalensis

Answer 25

mousterian tool culture

Question 26

what was the time period of Homo Sapiens

Answer 26

250,000 - now

Question 27

what location did Homo Sapiens live?

Answer 27

widespread throughout the world

Question 28

what was the brain size of Homo Sapiens

Answer 28

1350 - 1500cm^3

Question 29

what tool culture was used by Homo Sapiens

Answer 29

Aurignacion Magdalenian Solutrian

Question 30

how were Oldewan Tools made? (2)

Answer 30

one stone smashed against another stone to remove flakes - leaving a jagged, sharp edge through Hard Hammer Percussion

Question 31

what shape are Acheulian tools?

Answer 31

Tear drop shaped (biface)

Question 32

how are acheulian tools made

Answer 32

standard design and manufacture regarding blows to the core to remove flakes hard hammer percussion

Question 33

what advancement do Acheulian Tools have over Oldewan Tools

Answer 33

standard design and manufacture representing ability to plan and foresee what the stone will become

Question 34

what are 6 benefits of fire

Answer 34

1. kills bacteria - potential parasites/bacteria and reduces spread of disease 2. keeps food for longer - difficult for bacteria to colonise 3. easier digestion - easier to chew 4. unlocking nutrients - release nutrients 5. protection from predators 6. warmth 7. tempering 8. social significance

Question 35

what technique is used to make mousterian tools

Answer 35

the lavellois technique

Question 36

describe the 3 step process of the Lavellois technique

Answer 36

1. core circumference prepared by striking chips away at edge of pebble 2. each flat surface created is struck at right angles to produce tortoise shape 3. large shape struck from prepared core to produce an actual tool

Question 37

what percussion method is used the the lavellois technique

Answer 37

bone is used soft hammer percussion

Question 38

what is the purpose of soft hammer percussion

Answer 38

to have more control over where the stone would fracture

Question 39

what was the first tool to be hafted

Answer 39

mousterian - Neanderthals

Question 40

what is different about neanderthal culture from other hominids (2)

Answer 40

wore clothing string evidence of burials - belief in afterlife, spirituality, religion

Question 41

what is an example of aurignation tools

Answer 41

blade tools

Question 42

what are soulutrian tools ?

Answer 42

beautiful willow leaf shaped blades made through pressure flaking

Question 43

what are 2 examples of solutrian tools and their use

Answer 43

spears javelins hunting animals

Question 44

what are Magdelenian tools give 2 examples

Answer 44

bone and antler tools made using bruin needles, finishing hooks

Question 45

define burin

Answer 45

chisel/cutter used to make other tools

Question 46

define portable art (2 examples)

Answer 46

carried art carvings, figurines

Question 47

give 2 examples of mural art

Answer 47

cave walls permanent surfaces

Question 48

what are 5 types of art found from Homo Sapiens

Answer 48

1. Figurines 2. Ivory Beads 3. Cave paintings 4. statues of women 5. bone flutes

Question 49

what was significant of Homo Sapien culture

Answer 49

complete labour division art, creations, professions, mastering of skills

Question 50

what were mousterian tools made out of

Answer 50

flint

Question 51

what were aurignacion blade tools made from

Answer 51

bone, antler, stine

Question 52

what were solutrian tools made from

Answer 52

flint

Question 53

what were oldewan tools made from

Answer 53

stone