Hoofdstuk 9 Flashcards
(32 cards)
People are not very accurate in assessing their actual internal physical states, their perception of body sensations can be heavily influenced by cognitive, social and emotional factors
cognitive (placebo/nocebo = puur verwachtingen)
- medical student’s disease
- mass psychogenic illness
Cognitive Representations/Common Sense Models
- from direct experience (of certain illnesses) and the things we read and hear, we develop ideas and expectations about illnesses (some are correct, some are not)
- these models can affect our health-related behavior and seem to involve 4 basic coponents of how people think about disease
1) illness identity
2) causes and underlying pathology (how you get it + what physiological events occur with it)
3) timeline (prognosis ideas)
4) consequence
Fear can motivate toward health behavior
can also motivate maladaptive avoidance behavior
Latrogenic Conditions
patients develop health problems as as result of medical treatment
According to the Health Belief Model
symptoms can initiate a decision-making process about seeking medical care
- part of this process involves assessing the perceived threat suggested by the symptoms
1) cues to actions
2) perceived susceptibility
3) perceived seriousness
Health Belief Model also proposes that people assess whether the perceived benefits of getting treatment outweigh the perceived barriers for doing so
Treatment Delay
tijd tussen 1e symptoom en dokters bezoek
1) appraisal delay (tijd voor herkenning symptoom)
2) illness delay (tijd voor herkenning ziekte)
3) utilization delay (besluiten + gaan dokter)
CAM Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Hypochondriasis
the tendency to worry excessively about health
- psychiatric disorder after 6 months and when causing significant emotional distress or functional impairments- grote link met neuroticism + self-consciousness + vulnerability to stress
CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (medical techology cannot confirm)
persistent severe fatigue for at least 6 months
The reasons why patients do and do not adhere to medical advicee
include characteristics illness and regimen, the clients and practioners and the way these people interrelate or communicate
Behavioral methods in enhancing motivation to adhere to treatment regimens
- tailoring treatment/regimen
- prompts & reminders
- self-monitoring
- behavioral contracting (goals/activities + reward)
Chronic Care model to promote Primary Prevention
1) organization of care
2) clinical information systems
3) delivery-system-design
4) decision support
5) self-management support
6) community resources
Nosomical Infection
an infection contracted while in the hospital setting (MRSA, which resists antibiotic treatment)
3 psychosocial components of burnout
1) emotional exhaustion
2) depersonalization
3) perceived inadequacy of professional accomplishment
Problem-focused coping (alter cause of stress)
Emotion-focused coping (regulate emotional response to situation)
Cognitive proceses illness/injury
-blame
-assessment personal control
psychologists use 2 approaches in assessing emotional adjustment
1) diagnostic interviews (based on APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
2) questionnaires (single disorder/multiple, like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI)
Million Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic
- self-report test that was developed to assess specific psychosocial factors and decision-making issues that are known to be relevant for medical patients (165 items)
- coping style/negative habits/stress moderators
Psychosocial Adjustment to illness Scale
- specifically for use with medical patients (46 items)
- assess 7 psychosocial characteristics of the clients life, associated with adjustment to medical illness
Principal Coping mechanism people use during phase of terminal illness is
denial
3 types of stress terminal patients experience
1) physical effects
2) their altered lifestyle (restrictions)
3) realization that the end is near
Kübler-Ross’ 5 stages of dying
1) denial
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance
Crisis Theory
describes factors that influence how people adjust
- the outcome of the crisis (or the adjust ment the person makes) depends on the coping process which depends on 3 contributing influences:
1) ilnness-related factors
2) background and personal factors
3) physical and social-environmental factors
Coping Process
cognitive appraisal of illness –> adaptive tasks –> coping skills
