Housing

Question 1

Civil Rights Act (1866)

Answer 1

Equal rights for all to be citizens, enter contracts, own property; discrimination not allowed; Race

Question 2

Tenement House (1867)

Answer 2

First building restrictions in New York; defined tenement and set regulations

Question 3

Tenement House (1879)

Answer 3

Old Law’ Tenement; Required air, window per room; 2 toilets per floor; created ‘dumbell’

Question 4

Tenement House Law (1901)

Answer 4

New Law’ Tenement; required permits, 70% lot coverage, fresh air, toilet per unit; fire safety measures; Tenement Housing Commission

Question 5

U.S. Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation established (1918)

Answer 5

Influenced later endeavors in public housing. Operated at major shipping centers to provide housing for World War I workers.

Question 6

National Recovery Act (1933)

Answer 6

Federal ability to clear slums and construct low-income housing

Question 7

Established Home Owners Loan Corporation (1933)

Answer 7

Established to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure.

Question 8

National Housing Act (Capehart) ‘Better Housing Program’ (1934)

Answer 8

Established FHA [regulate interest/terms]; Federal Mortgage Insurance [longer mort. Smaller down]; minimum design standards; led to discrimination ‘redlining’; created FSLIC

Question 9

National Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) (1937)

Answer 9

Creates US Housing Authority offers $500m in loans and subsidies to local housing agencies; slum clearance

Question 10

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944)

Answer 10

(GI Bill) Mortgage loan guarantee for vets and higher education funds for vets

Question 11

Housing and Home Financing Agency (1947)

Answer 11

Ceated to coordinate federal government’s various housing programs (predecessor of HUD)

Question 12

National Housing Act (Wagner-Ellender-Taft) (1949)

Answer 12

Slum clearance - ‘Urban Renewal’; emphasize new construction; replaced low density town houses with superblocks - high-rise housing projects ‘warehouses for the poor’

Question 13

National Housing Act (1954)

Answer 13

Expands Urban Renewal Program; slum prevention - preserve downtown and focus on rehabilitation rather than clearance; Sec. 701 Comp Plan for <25k; Comp Plan for 50+k; Workable Program for Community Imrovement - annual recertification of Comp Plans to be eligible for federal funds

Question 14

Housing (1959)

Answer 14

Sec 202 - loans to non-profits for low income elderly housing

Question 15

Housing (1961)

Answer 15

Sec 221(d)(3) - interest subsidies for public housing projects for LMI

Question 16

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Answer 16

No discrimination

Question 17

Creation of HUD (1965)

Answer 17

Robert Weaver - first Secretary

Question 18

Model Cities Program (1966)

Answer 18

quasi-political - federal funded to assess problems and solutions

Question 19

Civil Rights Act (1968)

Answer 19

Title II to VII Indian Civil Rights; (Federal Enforcement of CRA 1866)

Question 20

Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of CRA) (1968)

Answer 20

Prohibited discrimination concerning sale, rental and financing housing; Color, Religion, Sex, National Origin

Question 21

Housing and Urban Development (1968)

Answer 21

6m subsidized units to be built over 10 years; Sec 235 - program to spur low-income home ownership with FHA insurance; Sec 236 - low interest mort. assistance mulit-family rental & coop housing (move away from public affordable housing)

Question 22

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act (1968)

Answer 22

A-95 Circular required clearing house dissemination and regional review

Question 23

Demolition of St. Louis’s notorious Pruitt-Igoe Project (1972)

Answer 23

Symbolizes a nationwide move away from massive, isolating, high-rise structures to a more humane form of public housing architecture: low-rise, less isolated, dispersed.

Question 24

National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety (1974)

Answer 24

HUD Code required steel chassis and wheels

Question 25

Housing & Community Development (1974)

Answer 25

Consolidated HUD funding into CDBG Program, entitlement formula, benefit LMI, 5-Year Consilidated Plans and Consolidated Annual Performand and Evaluation Report (CAPER); Established Section 8 Housing (rental assistance)

Question 26

Home Mortgage Disclosure (1975)

Question 27

Housting & Communtity Development (1977)

Answer 27

Ended 701; created Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) funds to leverage prvide investment in distressed cities; Requires banks to report lending practices in neighborhoods

Question 28

Housing & Urban-Rural Recovery (1983)

Answer 28

Section 8 Voucher program rather than certificates

Question 29

Tax Reform (1986)

Answer 29

Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) 'Section 42 Housing', to finance affordable rental housing units for low-income, attracts equity capital into affordable housing with 9% or 4% credits, tax credits for 10 years

Question 30

McKinney Homeless Assistance (1987)

Answer 30

Emergency aid for homeless; money for Section 8 for Single-room occupancy (SRO) for homeless; Housing assitance plans must include components for services to homeless; Emergency Shelter Grants Program; Supportive Housing Demonstration Program

Question 31

Fair Housing Act (1988)

Answer 31

Expanded law to include people with handicap and family status in the Fair Housing Act

Question 32

Americans with Disabilities (1990)

Answer 32

amended in 2008 for disabled workers

Question 33

National Affordable Housing (Cranston-Gonzalez) (1990)

Answer 33

HOME Investment Partnership - housing block grants for housing repair up to city code

Question 34

HOPE VI Program (1993)

Answer 34

Urban Revitalization Demonstration Program (replace high-rise low income with low-rise middle-income)

Question 35

Housing & Economic Recovery (2008)

Answer 35

Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) - stabilized communities suffering foreclosures/abandonment

Question 36

American Recovery & Reinvestment (2009)

Answer 36

NSP2 - additional funding plus funding for technical assistance to support NSP

Question 37

Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection (2010)

Answer 37

NSP3 - additional funding