How would you teach it (vocabulary)? (Mila)

Question 1

mere exposure effect

Answer 1

repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases the liking of them (develop a preference for things bc repeated exposure); EX: buying a particular brand bc of the familiarity of its commercials/ads

Question 2

mnemonic devices

Answer 2

aka memory device; learning techniques that aid information retention or retrieval of memory; EX: acronyms

Question 3

behaviorism

Answer 3

theory that all behaviors are determined by external stimuli in the environment; every choice/action made by a person is bc of how they’ve been conditioned to respond to environmental stimuli

Question 4

operational definition

Answer 4

the procedure of a study and the research variables; think of what the experiment is measuring and how it’s being measured

Question 5

serial-position effect

Answer 5

tendency to remember the first and last items on a list better than those in the middle; form of cognitive bias; includes primacy and recency effect

Question 6

retinal disparity

Answer 6

the slight difference in the images perceived by your left and right eyes

Question 7

diathesis-stress model

Answer 7

suggests that the development of psychological disorders is influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental stressors

Question 8

facial feedback effect

Answer 8

suggests that facial expressions can influence and regulate our emotions; when we make a facial expression it sends signals to the brain which affects our emotional state

Question 9

broaden & build theory

Answer 9

suggests that positive emotions broadens one’s awareness and encourage novel, exploratory thoughts and actions

Question 10

reflex arc

Answer 10

the pathway that a reflex takes in the body; starts when a receptor picks up external stimulation (this info is transported by a sensory neuron to the spinal cord)

Question 11

myasthenia gravis

Answer 11

a relatively rare acquired, autoimmune disorder caused by an antibody-mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission resulting in skeletal muscle weakness and rapid muscle fatigue

Question 12

synesthesia

Answer 12

a condition in which stimulation of one sense generates a simultaneous sensation in another; EX: every time a person with color-smell synesthesia sees the color red, they might automatically smell popcorn

Question 13

oleogustus

Answer 13

one of the basic tastes in psych.; fatty acids

Question 14

phantom limb sensations

Answer 14

feeling of a lost body part after traumatic injuries; often painful

Question 15

volley theory

Answer 15

the principle that individual fibers in an auditory nerve respond to one or another stimulus in a rapid succession of rhythmic sound stimuli, whereas other fibers in the nerve respond to the second, third, or nth stimulus

Question 16

episodic buffer

Answer 16

a temporary store that integrates information from the other components and maintains a sense of time, so that events occur in a continuing sequence; one of the components of working memory model

Question 17

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 17

the system which allows us to hold or manipulate visual and/or spatial information received from our senses or accessed from long-term memory

Question 18

stereotype lift

Answer 18

an increase in a group’s test performance due to not being part of a negative stereotype; EX: men might perform better on math tests if they are primed on the stereotype that men are better than women at math

Question 19

teratogens

Answer 19

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 20

zone of proximal development

Answer 20

the difference between the tasks that an individual can accomplish alone and the tasks they can only do with support from an MKO, or more knowledgable other person; Lev Vygotsky posed this other person as a guide to provide scaffolding for the learner

Question 21

temperament

Answer 21

an individual’s characteristic level of emotional excitability or intensity; typically recognized within first few weeks after birth; often assumed to be an early indication of personality, though personality combines temperament with experiences to shape life-long traits

Question 22

adverse childhood experiences

Answer 22

aka ACE; disruptions to the promotion of safe, stable, and nurturing family relationships and are characterized by stressful or traumatic events that occur during an individual’s first 18 years of life

Question 23

cognitive dissonance

Answer 23

a feeling of unease when there is tension between one’s beliefs, attitudes, values, and one’s actions; many try to end this feeling by changing their beliefs and perceptions or their actions; EX: You want to be healthy, but you don’t exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet. You feel guilty as a result.

Question 24

fundamental attribution error

Answer 24

a person’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality or internal circumstances rather than external factors such as the environment while attributing their own behavior to external factors; EX: attributing a coworker’s lateness to the fact that they are unreliable rather than that they got stuck in traffic

Question 25

explanatory style

Answer 25

a psychological attribute that indicates how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event, either positive or negative

Question 26

relative deprivation

Answer 26

the belief that a person will feel deprived or entitled to something based on the comparison to someone else; based on the notion that people will often feel that they have less than some comparative standard

Question 27

out-group homogeneity bias

Answer 27

the perception that individuals in an outgroup are more similar (homogeneous) than they really are, as compared to members of one's ingroup

Question 28

false consensus effect

Answer 28

the tendency to assume that one's own opinions, beliefs, attributes, or behaviors are more widely shared than is actually the case; EX: a child's assumption that their favorite snack is every other child's favorite snack. Because that child loves pudding, they assume that other children do as well.

Question 29

reciprocal determinism

Answer 29

the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment

Question 30

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 30

psychological principle that states performance on tasks improves up to a point with increased physiological or mental arousal (stress), but beyond that point, further increases in arousal can lead to decreased performance; EX: anxiety you experience before an exam