Unit 3- Development and learning (Natalie)

Question 1

classical conditioning (Pavlov)

Answer 1

Type of learning that occurs when a neautral stimulus ( ex. Bell ) becomes associated with a stimulus ( ex. treats )

Example : when dog hears the bell he will link that to treats making him salivate and anticipate for the treat

Question 2

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 2

UCS- Something that naturally triggers an automatic response
UCR- A response that isn’t learned but comes naturally
(EX. the smell of your favorite food (UCS) making you hungry (UCR)

Question 3

Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 3

CS- A stimulus that use to not trigger a response but now does
CR- A response that developed due to past experiences/ training

(ex. If there wasn’t a reaction to

Question 4

Acquisition

Answer 4

The initial stage of learning

Question 5

Generalization

Answer 5

When people apply what they have learned from past experiences to similar situations
(ex. if you ate as specific food that caused an illness you will most likely avoid it )

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

When a behavior is believed to be extinct but unexpectedly comes back
(ex. Pavlov noticed that his dogs would stop salivating when they heard the bell when the food was no longer presented (thus, the behavior is considered extinct). But after a rest period of a couple of hours, the dogs would once again salivate when the bell was rung.)

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

The ability to respond In different ways in the presence of different stimuli

Question 8

extinction

Answer 8

When a conditioned response is weakening/ disappearing

Question 9

operant conditioning (skinner)

Answer 9

A learning method that involves rewards and punishments for behavior

Question 10

observational learning

Answer 10

Learning by seeing others behaviors

Question 11

taste aversion

Answer 11

the evolutionary and adaptive response that helps u avoid toxic or spoiled food that’ll makes us ill

Question 12

Latent learning

Answer 12

A type of learning that has occurred by watching others display an action

(ex. Baby learns to eat from a fork by watching his parents )

Question 13

Identical vs fraternal twins

Answer 13

Identical twins come from a monozygotic egg—one egg that’s been fertilized and then splits into two. They come from the same egg and sperm; therefore, they will be genetically identical. Fraternal twins come from dizygotic fertilized eggs - two separate eggs, each fertilized by its own sperm.

Question 14

attachment

Answer 14

emotional bond that forms between people ( baby and caregiver)

Question 15

Cognitive development (PIAGET)

Answer 15

How a person starts to see and understand the world through interaction and influence of genetics and learned factors

Question 16

sensorimotor

Answer 16

First stage of cognitive development where babies perceive the world through senses and motor actions

Question 17

preoperational

Answer 17

The development of language and symbolist describe the physical world ( Drawings ,play, Curiosity)

Question 18

concrete

Answer 18

the stage where children ages 7-11 demonstrate logical thinking and are able to understand physical objects and events

Question 19

formal operation

Answer 19

Begins around ages 11-12 an its the ability to understand theories and abstract ideas and make predictions