HS 5 CHAP 5 Flashcards by Jianne Soliman

It begins with conception

GERMINAL PERIOD

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It Ends when fertilized egg implants in uterine wall

GERMINAL PERIOD

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Fertilized egg

Zygote

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After five days of mitosis

100 cells = blastocyst

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It last

Day 0- Day 14 or 2 weeks’ long

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Cell division occurs

mitosis

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Inner layer

Embryonic disk
(becomes the embryo)

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Outer layer of cells

Trophoblast

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organ that surrounds the developing embryo and is attached to the wall of the uterus

Development of the placenta

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Begins duplication and division within hours of conception

Zygote

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Developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus

Implantation (about 10 days after conception)

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Pregnancy can be detected due to new chemicals in the mother’s urine

Organism grows rapidly

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EMBRYONIC PERIOD

From 3-8 weeks after conception

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Outer cell mass is called

PLACENTA

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Structure attached to the uterus

Blood vessels from trophoblast form placenta

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Major structures

(organs, limbs, brain)

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Provides nourishment and oxygen from

Blood vessels from trophoblast form placenta

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Vulnerable to damage from harmful agents

start to develop

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From the midline outward

Proximodistal

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From head to tail

Cephalocaudal

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Developing human organism from about the______

3rd through the 8th week after conception

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From 9 weeks post-conception until birth

FETAL PERIOD

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Major structures continue to develop

FETAL PERIOD

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Developing human organism from the start of the 9th week after conception until birth

Fetus

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Age of viability

First chance of survival outside uterus (24 weeks)

cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth

Fetus

Age at which a preterm newborn may survive outside the mother’s uterus if medical care is available

AGE OF VIABILITY

About 22 weeks after conception

AGE OF VIABILITY

Fetal stage begins

9 weeks

Sex organs differentiate

12 weeks

Finger and toes develop

16 weeks

Hearing begins

20 weeks

Bones fully develop

32 weeks

Muscles fully develop

36 weeks

Lungs begins develop

24 weeks

Full term development

40 weeks

Neural groove appears during

3rd week

Mostly completed after five months of gestation

Neurogenesis (formation of neurons)

Responsible for movement and cognitive activity

Gray matter

Regions of brain that contain cell bodies

Gray matter

Axons that form neural pathways

White matter

Earlier is usually worse

Timing

Covered with myelin – Fatty substance

White matter

Environmental factors that can contribute to birth defects

TERATOGENS

Teratogens may interact

Number

More is usually worse

Exposure

Sex, genetic vulnerability

Genetics

Time When Teratogens Can Interfere With Recent Growth

Sensitive Period

Leading preventable cause of intellectual disability

ALCOHOL

Certain Teratogens Are Relatively Harmless Until Exposure Reaches a Certain Level

Threshold Effect

High Doses Can Be Harmful

Vitamin A

Caused by parasite in raw meat, cat feces, dirt

TOXOPLASMOSIS

mostly preventable through vaccination

RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)

associated with increased risk of prematurity and low birthweight

Teenage

body can’t manage glucose appropriately.

Gestational diabetes

too much pressure on artery walls

Hypertension

type of anemia in baby

RH DISEASE

should be about 25 pounds

WEIGHT GAIN

feelings of sadness lasting about a week after birth

BABY BLUES

longer-lasting depression starting in first month after birth

POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

sound waves used to examine the fetus

ULTRASOUND

sample amniotic fluid

AMNIOCENTESIS

inability to conceive within 12 months

INFERTILITY

implant both sperm and ova into the fallopian tube

GAMETE INTRA-FALLOPIAN TUBE TRANSFER (GIFT)

sample placenta

CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

infection of reproductive organs, often caused by std

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

remove eggs and fertilize outside the body

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)

zygote implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

sperm and ova are fertilized outside of the body

ZYGOTE INTRA-FALLOPIAN TUBE TRANSFER (ZIFT)

increased blood pressure and leakage of protein in urine

PREECLAMPSIA (TOXEMIA)

when preeclampsia causes seizures

eclampsia

cervix dilates to

10cm (4 inches)

typically lasts

12-16 hours

incision made between the vaginal opening and anus to avoid tearing the tissue

EPISIOTOMY

Placenta delivered within ____ minutes of birth

surgical procedure to remove baby through abdomen

CESAREAN SECTION

local anesthetic injected in area around spine

EPIDURAL BLOCK

lack of oxygen to brain

ANOXIA

before 37 weeks gestational age

PRETERM BIRTH

weigh less than 90% of babies of same

SMALL-FOR-DATE

less than 5.5 pounds (2.5kg)

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

low oxygen levels

HYPOXIA

HS 5 CHAP 5 Flashcards

(82 cards)