HS 9 M6 Flashcards
(55 cards)
Post-Freudian Theory
Erik Erikson
He held that our ego is a positive force that creates a self-identity, a sense of “I.”
As the center of our personality, our ego helps us adapt to the various conflicts
and crises of life and keeps us from losing our individuality to the leveling forces of
society.
Erikson
Erikson’s emphasis on social and historical factors was in contrast with Freud’s mostly biological viewpoint.
Society’s Influence
To_____, the ego exists as potential at
birth, but it must emerge from within a
cultural environment.
Erikson
Different societies, with their variations in child-rearing practices, tend to shape personalities that fit the needs and values of their culture
Society’s Influence
He believed that the ego develops
throughout the various stages of life according to an epigenetic principle, a term borrowed from embryology
Erikson
_____, growth takes place according to the epigenetic principle. That is, one component part arises out of another and has its own time of ascendancy, but it does
not entirely replace earlier components.
First
_____, in every stage of life there is an interaction of opposites—that is, a conflict between a syntonic (harmonious) element and a dystonic (disruptive) element.
Second
______, at each stage, the conflict between the dystonic and syntonic elements produces an ego quality or ego strength, which Erikson referred to as a basic strength.
Third
_____, too little basic strength at any one stage results in a core pathology for that stage.
Fourth
_____, although Erikson referred to his eight stages as psychosocial stages, he never lost sight of the biological aspect of human development.
Fifth
_____, events in earlier stages do not cause later personality development. Ego identity is shaped by a multiplicity of conflicts and events—past, present, and anticipated.
Sixth
_______, during each stage, but especially from adolescence forward, personality development is characterized by an identity crisis, which Erikson (1968) called “a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potentia
Seventh
which Erikson (1968) called “_______, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potentia
a turning point
A period encompassing approximately the
first year of life.
Infancy
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
BIRTH TO 1-YEAR-OLD
Through their eyes for example, infants
take in visual stimuli. As they take in food
and sensory information, infants learn to
either trust or mistrust the outside world,
a situation that gives them realistic hope
Infancy
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
BIRTH TO 1-YEAR-OLD
Infants’ most significant interpersonal
relations are with their primary caregiver,
ordinarily their mother. If they realize that
their mother will provide food regularly,
then they will begin to learn basic trust.
Infancy
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
BIRTH TO 1-YEAR-OLD
In contrast, they learn basic mistrust if
they find no correspondence between
their oral-sensory needs and their
environment
Infancy
According to Erikson, young children
receive pleasure not only from mastering
the sphincter muscle but also from
mastering other body functions such as
urinating, walking, throwing, holding, and
so on.
Early Childhood
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT
2 – 3 YEARS OLD
children develop a sense of control over their interpersonal environment, as well as a measure of selfcontrol
Early Childhood
If early childhood is a time for self expression and autonomy, then it is also a time for________
shame and doubt
The conflict between_____becomes the major psychosocial crisis of early childhood
autonomy and doubt
Erikson’s third stage of development is
the_____e, a period covering the same
time as Freud’s phallic phase- roughly
ages 3 to 5 years.
play age
Erikson believed that the ______ is but one of several important developments during the play stage.
Oedipus complex
