HSA

Question 1

What percent of canine splenic malignancies are HSA? Cats?

Answer 1

Dogs: 45-51%

Cats: doesn’t say specifically for spleen but overall rare, 0.5% at necropsy and 2% of all feline neoplasms in general

Question 2

Breeds predisposed to HSA

Answer 2

GSDs
Labs
Other large breed dogs

Question 3

Is there sex predilection for HSA?

Answer 3

Slight male predilection

Question 4

What may cause cutaneous HSA? What dogs are at risk?

Answer 4

UV light exposure

Short haired, lightly pigmented breeds

Question 5

Does spay status in females affect HSA?

Answer 5

It might - it appears more common in spayed females vs intact females and late neutered females vs. intact or early neutered females

Question 6

Mutations in what tumor suppressor genes are implicated in mouse and human studies? Are these frequently mutated in canine HSA?

Answer 6

p53 and Ras

Not frequently mutated in dogs

Question 7

Canine HSA doesn’t have frequent p53 or Ras mutations but what gene is inactivated in >50% of canine HSA samples?

Answer 7

PTEN

Question 8

What growth and apoptosis regulating proteins have been documented to be overexpressed in HSA vs. hemangiomas or normal tissue?

Answer 8

pRB
Cyclin D1
Bcl2
Survivin

Question 9

What angiongenic markers have been shown to be abundantly expressed (with their receptors) on canine HSA cells and tissues?

Answer 9

VEGF
bFGF
PDGF
Angiopoietin-2

All are PRO angiogenic (duh)

Question 10

T/F: plasma VEGF was higher in dogs with HSA vs. health controls

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What proangiogenic vasoactive peptide was higher in dogs with splenic HSA vs. healthy controls or dogs with other splenic diseases

Answer 11

Endothelin-1 (ET-1)

Question 12

__% of dogs with splenic tumors have malignant disease and __% of these are HSA

Answer 12

50% of splenic tumors are malignant

50-74% HSA

Question 13

What percent of dogs with non-traumatic hemoabdomen have HSA

Answer 13

63-70%

Question 14

T/F: HSA is the most common cardiac neoplasm in the dog

Answer 14

True!

Question 15

What is the percentage of concurrent spleen and cardiac HSA

Answer 15

8.7%

Question 16

T/F: HSA is the most common tumor in dogs to met to the brain

Answer 16

True

Question 17

IHC for HSA

Answer 17

factor VIII-related antigen (von Willebrands factor) +
CD31/PECAM-1+
LYVE -
PROX-1 -

Question 18

What percent of cases are thrombocytopenic at presentation

Answer 18

75-97%

Question 19

What percent of patients with visceral HSA have DIC at diagnosis

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

In one study, more than 50% of cats with visceral HSA had increased what? (Enzyme)

Answer 20

AST

Question 21

Sensitivity of CXR for detecting metastatic pulmonary HSA? What helped decrease rate of false negatives?

Answer 21

78% sensitivity

3 views significantly decrease false negative rate (vs. 1 or 2 views)

Question 22

What plasma biomarker was significantly elevated in dogs with cardiac HSA vs. dogs with HSA at other sites, dogs with other neoplasms, and dogs with non-HSA pericardial effusions

Answer 22

Troponin I

Question 23

Plasma __ and urine __ were shown to be elevated in dogs with HSA vs. normal controls

Answer 23

Plasma VEGF
Urine bFGF

Question 24

What marker of DNA synthesis expressed only in proliferating cells was significantly higher in serum of dogs with HSA vs. healthy dogs

Answer 24

Thymidine kinase

Question 25

What marker was higher in dogs with large HSA metastatic burdens vs. healthy dogs?

Answer 25

serum collagen XXVII Reductions in collagen XXVII peptide levels were noted after surgical resection of HSA lesions and became elevated again on tumor recurrence

Question 26

Margins for dermal HSA

Answer 26

1-2cm and one facial plane deep

Question 27

What percent of grossly abnormal livers were confirmed to have HSA mets

Answer 27

50% Almost 60% of histologically benign lesions were obtained from grossly abnormal livers

Question 28

Staging HSA: describe T0-T3

Answer 28

T0 = no evidence of tumor T1 = tumor <5cm, confined to primary tissues T2 = tumor >5cm or ruptured, invading SQ tissues T3 = tumor invading adjacent structures, including muscle

Question 29

Stage I vs. Stage II vs. Stage III

Answer 29

Stage I = no evidence of tumor or tumor <5cm with no nodal or distant mets Stage II = tumor ruptured, tumors <5cm with nodal mets, or tumors >5cm Stage III = distant mets

Question 30

MST for dogs tx with adjuvant dox+cytoxan+LMTPPE vs. adjuvant dox+cytoxan

Answer 30

All three: MST 9.1m No LMTPPE: MST 5.7m

Question 31

MST for cardiac HSA treated with hypofractionated RT

Answer 31

2.5m

Question 32

What is eBAT

Answer 32

Bispecific EGF-urokinase angiotoxin

Question 33

MST and 6m survival % for dogs getting eBAT before dox

Answer 33

8.5m (258d) 70.6% This was significantly better than historical dox only controls

Question 34

Yunnan Baiyao led to what effect in vitro in canine HSA cells

Answer 34

Dose and time dependent cell death via caspase-mediated apoptosis

Question 35

MSTs for dogs tx with splenectomy alone

Answer 35

19-86d

Question 36

MST for sx + dox

Answer 36

5-7m 1y survival 10% or less

Question 37

Is stage prognostic and what are associated MSTs?

Answer 37

Yes With sx and post op chemo: Stage I MST 239-355d Stage II MST 120-148d

Question 38

MST for primary renal HSA

Answer 38

9m

Question 39

Retroperitoneal HSA MST

Answer 39

37.5d

Question 40

MST for dermal HSA involving dermis only with sx alone

Answer 40

780-987d (essentially curative)

Question 41

What two factors of dermal HSA led to longer MSTs in one study and what were those MSTs

Answer 41

Ventral tumor location = 1085d Solar-induced changes on histo = 1549d Overall MST in that study was 1570d

Question 42

What is the MST with cutaneous HSA when subcutaneous invasion is noted? How does this affect risk of Mets?

Answer 42

MST 539d Risk of mets 2.04x higher

Question 43

General MST for SQ o intramuscular HSA treated with sx and chemo

Answer 43

8-9m (one study said 3y but that’s unlikely)

Question 44

MST for cardiac HSA with no tx

Answer 44

2 weeks

Question 45

MST for cardiac HSA with surgery (when possible) +/- chemo

Answer 45

Sx alone: 1-3m Sx + chemo: 5.8m

Question 46

Does pericardectomy improve MST?

Answer 46

No - MST with pericardecomty is 2.7-4m

Question 47

What is the objective response rate and MST for cardiac HSA treated with dox only?

Answer 47

ORR: 41% MST: 4m

Question 48

MST for dox + Draco in with stage III splenic HSA

Answer 48

149d (similar to overall MST 150d for all stages in that paper)

Question 49

Response rate to DAV protocol (dox+dacarbazine+vinc) and med time to progression

Answer 49

RR 47% med TTP 101d

Question 50

Dogs with stage III HSA treated with VAC (vinc+dox+cytoxan) protocol MST vs. stage I/II

Answer 50

Stage III = 195d Stage I/II = 189d

Question 51

MST for visceral HSA in cats

Answer 51

77-197d (2.5-6.5m)

Question 52

MST for cats with cutaneous and SQ HSA

Answer 52

9m-4y reported Subcutaneous involvement is associated with higher rate of incomplete excision and local recurrence

Question 53

MST for dogs treated with dox+DTIC

Answer 53

>500d - longest in the table in withrow