hsf 4 exam 1

Question 1

what is the normal osm?

Answer 1

300 mOsm/L

Question 2

what are the main cations and anions in the ECF?

Answer 2

cations = Na+ and Ca2+
anions = Cl- and HCO3-

Question 3

what are the main cations and anions in the ICF?

Answer 3

cations = K+ and Ca2+ in SR
anions = proteins and organic phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP)

Question 4

what is the formula for Posm?

Answer 4

2.1 [Na+] + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8) –> for mg/dL

2.1 [Na+] + [glucose] + [BUN] –> for mmol/L

2.1 [Na+] –> for Na+ only

Question 5

what is the normal osmolar gap?

Answer 5

0-10 mOsm/L

Question 6

what are the specific markers for TBW?

Answer 6

radiolabled water (3H2O, 2H2O) and antipyrine

Question 7

what are the specific markers for ECF?

Answer 7

22Na+, sulfate, inulin, and mannitol

Question 8

what are the specific markers for PV?

Answer 8

125I-albumin and evan’s blue dye

Question 9

what is renal colic?

Answer 9

severe pain in the flank that radiates to the groin (loin to groin pain)
mostly caused by renal calculi (kidney stones)
3 common sites of obstruction = junction of renal pelvis and ureter, where it ureter passes over the pelvic brim/external iliac artery, and junction of ureter and bladder

Question 10

what is the filtration rate?

Answer 10

180 L/d or 125 mL/min