HTN

Question 1

Hypertension

Answer 1

Systolic > 140
Diastolic > 90

Damages all blood vessels in the body
Target organ disease
Peripheral Vascuoar Disease

Question 2

What organs does HTN target?

Answer 2

Heart - LVH and HF
Brain - CVA
Kidneys - Nephrosclerosis (death of nephron and glomeruli)
Eyes - Retinopathy

Question 3

Modifiable HTN risk factors

Answer 3

Unhealthy diet/obesity
High sodium diet/elevated serum lipids
Sedentary lifestyle
Type II DM
Stress
Tobacco/Drug use
Caffeine/ETOH intake

Question 4

Non Modifiable HTN Risk Factors

Answer 4

Family History
Age
Gender

Question 5

Why is HTN the “silent killer”?

Answer 5

There are often no symptoms until severe target organ damage occurs

Question 6

According to the CDC, a weight loss of ______ can lower B/P, cholesterol, and blood sugar

Answer 6

5-10%

Question 7

MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)

Answer 7

Should be at least 60-70 to perfuse brain and other vital organs

Question 8

How to calculate MAP

Answer 8

systolic +2 x diastolic
3

Question 9

Monitor all patients on B/P meds for

Answer 9

orthostatic hypotension

Question 10

Thiazide diuretic example

Answer 10

HCTZ

Question 11

Thiazide diuretics work by

Answer 11

With less fluid in circulation, the heart muscles don’t get stretched out as much and don’t rebound as forcefully.

This is called decreased preload

Question 12

Ace-inhibitor examples

Answer 12

lisinopril (Prinivil)
captopril (Capoten)
enalapril (Vasotec)

Decreases preload and afterload

Question 13

ACE inhibitors action

Answer 13

Block constriction caused by RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

Question 14

Side effects: Hold ACE Inhibitors if client has

Answer 14

angioedema (swelling around the lips, tongue, and throat)

Other side effects: dry cough and edema

Question 15

ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) examples

Answer 15

valsartan (Diovan)
losartan (Cozaar)

Question 16

ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) work by

Answer 16

Work directly on the blood vessels, like ACE inhibitors, to keep them dilated

Question 17

Calcium Channel Blockers examples

Answer 17

amlodipine (Norvasc)
nifedipine (Procardia)
verapamil (Calan)
diltiazem (Cardizem)

Question 18

CCB (Calcium Channel Blockers) work by

Answer 18

Decrease the amount of calcium going into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, which cases them to relax (vasodilate)

Question 19

When clients are on a calcium channel blocker, teach them to

Answer 19

avoid grapefruit

Question 20

Beta blocker examples

Answer 20

carvedilol (Coreg)
metoprolol (Lopressor)

For clients with unstable angina

Question 21

Before administering a Beta Blocker

Answer 21

Check BP and apical pulse

Hold if AP is <60; recheck in 1 hr and notify provider if still <60

Question 22

Loop diuretic example

Answer 22

furosemide (Lasix)

Question 23

Potassium-sparing diuretic example

Answer 23

spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 24

Nifedipine (Procardia)
common side effect

Answer 24

May cause dizziness

Question 25

During a hypertensive crisis (diastolic >120)

Answer 25

STAY WITH THE CLIENT
and
elevate HOB to 45 degrees

Question 26

IV antihypertensives

Answer 26

Labetalol
Nicardipine
Nitroprusside

Question 27

PE suspected

Answer 27

Sudden onset with SOB with pleuritic chest pain and possible fever

Check circumference on affected leg