HTN Flashcards
Hypertension
Systolic > 140
Diastolic > 90
Damages all blood vessels in the body
Target organ disease
Peripheral Vascuoar Disease
What organs does HTN target?
Heart - LVH and HF
Brain - CVA
Kidneys - Nephrosclerosis (death of nephron and glomeruli)
Eyes - Retinopathy
Modifiable HTN risk factors
Unhealthy diet/obesity
High sodium diet/elevated serum lipids
Sedentary lifestyle
Type II DM
Stress
Tobacco/Drug use
Caffeine/ETOH intake
Non Modifiable HTN Risk Factors
Family History
Age
Gender
Why is HTN the “silent killer”?
There are often no symptoms until severe target organ damage occurs
According to the CDC, a weight loss of ______ can lower B/P, cholesterol, and blood sugar
5-10%
MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)
Should be at least 60-70 to perfuse brain and other vital organs
How to calculate MAP
systolic +2 x diastolic
3
Monitor all patients on B/P meds for
orthostatic hypotension
Thiazide diuretic example
HCTZ
Thiazide diuretics work by
With less fluid in circulation, the heart muscles don’t get stretched out as much and don’t rebound as forcefully.
This is called decreased preload
Ace-inhibitor examples
lisinopril (Prinivil)
captopril (Capoten)
enalapril (Vasotec)
Decreases preload and afterload
ACE inhibitors action
Block constriction caused by RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
Side effects: Hold ACE Inhibitors if client has
angioedema (swelling around the lips, tongue, and throat)
Other side effects: dry cough and edema
ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) examples
valsartan (Diovan)
losartan (Cozaar)
ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) work by
Work directly on the blood vessels, like ACE inhibitors, to keep them dilated
Calcium Channel Blockers examples
amlodipine (Norvasc)
nifedipine (Procardia)
verapamil (Calan)
diltiazem (Cardizem)
CCB (Calcium Channel Blockers) work by
Decrease the amount of calcium going into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, which cases them to relax (vasodilate)
When clients are on a calcium channel blocker, teach them to
avoid grapefruit
Beta blocker examples
carvedilol (Coreg)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
For clients with unstable angina
Before administering a Beta Blocker
Check BP and apical pulse
Hold if AP is <60; recheck in 1 hr and notify provider if still <60
Loop diuretic example
furosemide (Lasix)
Potassium-sparing diuretic example
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
common side effect
May cause dizziness
