Human Body Systems Review Flashcards
(51 cards)
What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
Maintaining relatively constant (stable) internal conditions
Homeostasis
What is a neuron?
The main cell of the nervous system
How are neurons classified?
By the direction of the impulse
What does a neurotransmitter do?
Transmits the impulse across the synapse
Label the neuron. What do the different parts do?
Cell body - largest part, contains nucleus
Dendrites - receives impulse from stimulus
Axon - carries the impulse away from the cell body
Myelin sheath - covers the axon, keeps the impulse in the axon
Node of ranvier - places where other neurons can hook on
Axon terminals (buds) - attaches to other neurons, muscles, or organs
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for processes, analyzing, and relaying information?
The central nervous system
What are the major parts of the brain and their function?
Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary action, personality
Cerebellum - balance and coordination
Brain stem - connects brain to spinal cord, involuntary actions
Type of drug that slows down the heart and breathing
Example of a one?
Depressants
Alcohol
What affect to stimulants have on the body? Give examples of stimulants
Increase breathing and heart rate
Ex. Caffiene, cigarettes, chocolate
The skull, ribs, and vertebral column belong to the ______ skeleton
Axial
What bones belong to the appendicular skeleton?
Arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders
How many bones are found in an adult skeleton?
206
How many bones are in an infant skeleton?
350
What is the function of the skeleton?
Protects organs, makes blood cells, stores minerals, helps in movement
Connects bones to bones at a joint
Ligaments
Connects muscles to bones
Tendons
Name the different types of joints and an example of where it may be found
Pivot joint - base of skull with spinal column
Ball and socket joint - shoulders and hips
Hinge joint - knees and elbows
Gliding joint - wrists and ankles
Saddle joint - thumb and fingers
Fixed joint - adult skull
What are the three types of muscles?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What do skeletal muscles look like and where are they found?
Attached to the bone (for voluntary movement), they are dense and striped (striations)
What do cardiac muscles look like and where are they found?
In the heart only (involuntary movement), they are spaced out (branched) and semi-striped
What do smooth muscles look like and where are they found?
Lining of the digestive system, they have NO stripes or branches (involuntary movement)
What are the three parts of the circulatory system?
Blood, heart, blood vessels (capillaries, arteries, veins)
Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart, are thin walled, and have valves to direct flow
Veins
