Unit 5 Test Review

Question 1

A fungal fruiting body

Answer 1

Mushroom

Question 1

How are allergies different from asthma?

Answer 1

Allergies are an exaggerated response to an allergen, such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

Asthma is a severe allergic reaction

Question 2

When bacteria come in a cluster arrangement, it is called _____

Answer 2

Staph

Question 2

What are the parts of a virus?

Answer 2

DNA or RNA core, capsid (protein) covering

Question 2

Subcutaneous layer of the skin, fat, insulation, shock absorption

Answer 2

Hypodermis

Question 3

Single fungal cell

Answer 3

Hypha

Question 3

Weakens the immune system by killing the Helper T cells

Answer 3

HIV/AIDS

Question 4

What makes up the body’s specific defense?

Answer 4

Helper T Cells, Killer T Cells, Memory B Cells

Question 5

How are Eubacteria different than Archaebacteria?

Answer 5

Eubacteria are more common, and they have peptidoglycan in their cell wells. Archaebacteria live in extreme environments and do NOT have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 6

Outer layer of skin, mostly dead cells, keratin (waterproof, hair, nails), melanin (suntan)

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 6

How do antibiotics work?

Answer 6

They’re medicine that KILL bacteria

Question 7

The type of white blood cell that kills bacteria and viruses

Answer 7

Killer T Cells

Question 8

What does GRAM staining tell us?

Answer 8

How much peptidoglycan is in a bacteria’s cell wall. Positive = purple, has peptidoglycan in its wall Negative = red, does NOT have peptidoglycan in its wall

Question 8

A short cycle where the viral DNA does NOT mix with the host’s DNA, and the host cell lyses

Answer 8

Lytic cycle

Question 10

The rootlike extension of a mushroom

Answer 10

Rhizoids

Question 11

A living thing that causes and infectious disease

Answer 11

Pathogen

Question 12

What is an autoimmune disease?

Answer 12

A disorder where the person’s own immune system attacks itself

(ex. MS, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 14

A virus that only infects bacteria

Answer 14

Bacteriophage

Question 15

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

Answer 15

In active immunity, YOU build up the immunity within yourself either from a shot or an illness.

In passive immunity, you get the immunity from another person (for a short time frame) - the immunity is borrowed

Question 17

Tetanus, Strep Throat, Cavities, Cholera, and the Bubonic Plague are each caused by a

Answer 17

Bacteria

Question 18

What comprises the body’s nonspecific defense?

Answer 18

The skin (most important), mucus, saliva, tears, and white blood cells (phagocytes)

Question 19

What roles do bacteria have in the environment?

Answer 19

Photosynthesis, recycling nutrients, decomposers, nitrogen fixation

Question 20

What is a lichen?

Answer 20

A mutualistic combination of fungi and algae OR fungi and cyanobacteria

Question 21

Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness are caused by

Answer 21

Protists

Question 23

An out of control growth/reproduction of a mutated cell

Answer 23

Cancer (benign and malignant tumors)

Question 24

How is a fever useful in fighting pathogens?

Answer 24

It slows down the growth and reproduction of pathogens

Question 25

The flu, colds, AIDS, Ebola, SARS, and chicken pox are each caused by

Answer 25

Viruses

Question 26

The umbrella-like head of a mushroom

Answer 26

Cap

Question 27

Tangled mass of hypha

Answer 27

Mycelium

Question 28

What are the layers of the skin? (all three) List them in order from furthest out to most interior on the body.

Answer 28

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Question 29

How do antiviral drugs work?

Answer 29

They interfere with the ability of the virus to invade and multiply within a host cell

Question 30

A ***_eukaryote_*** that is not a plant, animal, fungi, or bacteria (prokaryote)

Answer 30

Protist (eukaryote)

Question 32

What are the three shapes of bacteria and their names?

Answer 32

Coccus - spheres (balls) Bacillus - rods Spirillum - spirals

Question 32

What is the most important function of the skin?

Answer 32

To protect the body from pathogens

Question 32

Pain, swelling, fever

Answer 32

Inflammation

Question 33

Structure of a mushroom used for support

Answer 33

Stalk

Question 35

Working layer of the skin, nerves, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, and blood vessels

Answer 35

Dermis

Question 36

Remembers the diesease so you are much less likely to get the disease again

Answer 36

Memory B cells

Question 37

Part of a mushroom used for spore dispersal

Answer 37

Gills

Question 38

This type of white blood cells assesses the situation, calls out the Killer T cells, and assigns Memory B cells to remember the disease

Answer 38

Helper T Cells

Question 39

When bacteria come in a chain arrangement, it is called \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

Strep

Question 40

A longer cycle where the viral DNA DOES mix with the host's DNA, followed by a period of dormancy before the host cell lyses

Answer 40

Lysogenic cycle

Question 42

A large mass of algae

Answer 42

Algae bloom

Question 43

How are infectious diseases spread?

Answer 43

Coughing, sneezing, physical contact, infected water, food, and animals

Question 44

How do fungi get their food and what do they eat?

Answer 44

They absorb their food (living or dead)

Question 46

Ringworm and Athlete's Foot are caused by

Answer 46

Fungi

Question 47

When bacteria come in a paired arrangement, it is called \_\_\_\_

Answer 47

Diplo