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semester 1 2024 nursing > Human body week 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Human body week 1,2,3 Flashcards

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1
Q

control system
1.
2.
3.

A

receptors, integrating centre and effector

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2
Q

4 x medical terms

A
  1. root word
  2. combining vowel
  3. suffix
  4. prefix
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3
Q

structual hierarchy

A
  1. organisms
  2. organ systems
  3. organs
  4. tissues
  5. cells
  6. organelles
  7. molecules
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4
Q

whats homeostasis

A

is the way of keeping things balanced and stable

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5
Q

postitive feedback

A

its a self amplifying mechanisms where physiology change leads to a even grater change in the same direction e.g. blood clotting

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6
Q

nervous system

A

electrical impulses sent and delivered by nerves

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7
Q

endocrine system

A

secretes chemical messengers into blood and immune system

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8
Q

homeostatic control
1.
2.
3.

A

receptor
control centre
effector

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9
Q

negative feedback

A

its a self correcting mechanism that keeps a variable to within its normal range e.g. regulation of body temp

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10
Q

what are the 4 organic compound
chocolate loves peope naturallt

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. nucleotides
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11
Q

ATP adenosine triphosphate

A

its the energy carrying molecules in youre body

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12
Q

RNA Ribonucleic acid

A

its a single polymer of nucleotide and involved in protein synthesis and ribosome structure

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13
Q

nucleotide consists of
1.
2.
3.

A

deoxyribose - sugar
phosphate group
nitrogen base

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14
Q

whats an enzyme

A

its a protein that enhances the process of chemical reaction

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15
Q

primary structure

A

chain of amino acids encoded by DNA

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16
Q

secondary structure

A

when the chain folds or coils

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17
Q

tertiary structure

A

is when u fold into 3D

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18
Q

Lipid

A

it hydrophobic and has chains of carbon

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19
Q

where are the protons electrons and neutrons located in an atom?

A

PROTONS and NEUTRONS are clustered in the central region of the atom
ELECTRONS - arranged aroudn the nucleus

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20
Q

what are chemical bonds and the types

A

iconic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds

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21
Q

atoms become stable by?

A

gaining electrons
loosing electrons
sharing electrons

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22
Q

monosaccharides

A

simplest type of sugar

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23
Q

Polysaccharides

A

long chain of sugar molecules joined together

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24
Q

Disaccharides

A

its sugar made of 2 simple sugar molecules joined together

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25
name the 4 'rides'
monosaccarides disaccharides polysaccharides triglycerides
26
whats phospholipid
fat molecule that makes up the walls of the cell
27
name 4 types of lipids
fatty acids triglycerides phospholipids steroids
28
anion
negatively charged
29
when can an atom be stable
when the outermost shell is full (8)
30
cation
positively charger
31
hydrophilic
water soluble - polar
32
hydrophobic
fat soluble - nonpolar
33
1. inorganic and 2. organic compound
1. lack of carbon 2. contain carbon
34
what charge is an atom giving
electrical charge of 0
35
protons
positive charge
36
electrons
negatively charged
36
neutrons
neutral - uncharged
37
active transport
needs ATP - molecules move up the concentration gradient
38
passive transport
NO ATP REQUIRED molecules move down the concentration gradient
39
Plasma membrane transport
some molecules pass through easily and some dont
40
NON motile
doesn't move , helps cells sense their surroundings
41
cilia
move like a wave moves mucos ..................tiny hairs on the cell that helps the cell move and push things away
42
Motile cillia
its found on the surface of cells and it moves this like mucous
43
nucleus
holds DNA and controls what the cell does located in the centre of the cell
44
nucelar envelope
its the protective wall around the nucleus, controls what goes in and out
45
Nuclear pore
its a tiny hole in the nuclear envelope
46
cytoskeleton
they are tiny protein fibres inside a cell that gives it shapes and helps it move
47
microvilli (human cell anatomy)
tiny finger like projections on the surface of cells, helps absorb nutrients
48
3 parts of cytoskeleton (human cell anatomy)
microfilaments intermediate microtubles
49
plasma membrane (human cell anatomy)
outer layer of cell and controls what goes in and out of cell
50
cytoplasm (human cell anatomy)
jelly like fluid , fills the cells and holds all parts in place
51
cytoskeleton (human cell anatomy)
its inside the cytoplasm, tiny protein fibres inside a cell that gives it shape and helps it move
52
mitochondria (human cell anatomy)
the powerhouse of the cell that makes all the energy
53
golgi complex (human cell anatomy)
packages and modifies proteins
54
lysosomes (human cell anatomy)
garbage collectors break down waste and old parts
55
ribosome (human cell anatomy)
tiny structures that make protein
56
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (human cell anatomy)
part of a cell, makes fat and helps remove toxins
57
nucleoli (human cell anatomy)
small structure inside nucleus, helps make ribosomes
58
rough endoplasmic reticulum (human cell anatomy)
covered in ribosomes helps make transport protein
59
nucleus (human cell anatomy)
control centre of the cell, hold DNA and tells what cells to do
60
vacuole (human cell anatomy)
storage space , holds water nutrients or waste
61
ribonucleic acid RNA (human cell anatomy)
its a molecule in ur cells that helps make protein
62
nuclear membrane (human cell anatomy)
protective layer around nucleus, controls what goes in and out
63
centrioles (human cell anatomy)
small structure, helps cell divide and make new cells
64
microtubules (human cell anatomy)
thin tubes that help the cell keep its shape and moves things around
65
1. enveloped 2. non enveloped
1. outer layer that helps enter cells 2. no outer layer , making it harder tougher to some conditions
66
prokaryotic
simple cell that doesn't have a nucleus cell
67
gram negative what stain?
has a samll thin layer , not senstive to L &P stain PINK
68
Gram Positive what stain?
thick outer layer wall that sensitive to penicillin and lysosomes stain purple
69
what are the 2 bacteria cell walls
gram pos and gram neg
70
name the 3 prefixes used to describe the arrangement of bacteria
diplo - bacteria that stays in pairs strepto - bacteria that forms chains staphylo - bacteria that clusters
71
name 5 bacteria shape and size
coccus rod vibro spirillum
72
acellular organism cellular organism
acell - living thing that has no cells cell - made up of 1 or more cell
73
microorganism
micro - small organism - capable of life they're cellular organism
74
cell cycle - mitosis
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
75
endocytosis
bring molecules into the cell
76
isotonic
same solute concentration
76
vesicular transport
another form of transport, requires transport, transports large molecules
77
exocytosis
secrete molecules out of the cell
78
hypertonic
greater solution concentration
79
when does osmosis occur
when the water moves from low concentration to a place with high concentration
79
hypotonic
less solute concetration
80
semi perable membrane
thin barrier that lets some things pass through
81
osmosis
when water moves through a semi permeable membrane low concentration to high
82
facilitated diffusion
polar, hydrophilic carrier/ channel protein
82
simple diffusion
particles move through a membrsne without any help

semester 1 2024 nursing (9 decks)

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