Human Defence System Flashcards
(22 cards)
Pathogen
A disease causing organism
Immunity
The ability to resist infection
General defence system
Acts as a barrier to pathogens attempting to enter the body
Lysozyme
An enzyme found in sweat tears and saliva that breaks down bacteria cell walls
Specific defence system
Attacks particular pathogens
Antigen
A foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies
Antibody
A protein produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen
Induced immunity
The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies
Active immunity
The production of a person’s own antibodies in response to foreign antigens
Natural active immunity
Pathogens enter in a normal way e.g. catching a cold
Artificial active immunity
Pathogens enter through vaccination medically e.g. vaccine
Passive immunity
Individuals are given antibodies that were formed by another organism
Natural passive immunity
The child gets the antibodies from the mother (placenta)
Artificial passive immunity
The antibodies made by another organism are introduced through injection
Vaccination
The administration of a non-disease-causing dose of a pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies
Immunisation
Occurs when we produce or are injected with antibodies against a pathogen
Plasma B cells
Produce antibodies
Memory B cells
Survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can make the specific antibody if the same infection enters the body later (converts to Plasma B)
Helper T cells
Stimulate multiplication Plasma B cells and Killer T cells
Killer T cells
Destroy abnormal BODY cells
Suppressor T cells
Inhibit the immune response
Memory T cells
Survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can stimulate the specific B cells and killer T cells if the same infection later enters the body
