Human development II

Question 1

oocyte atresia

Answer 1

before birth there is a major decline and it keeps declining after birt h

Question 2

fertilization may occur elsewhere in the _________, but not in the _______

Answer 2

fertilization may occur elsewhere in the fallopian tube, but not in the uterus

Question 3

fertilization begins with contact between

Answer 3

sperm and secondary oocyte plasma membrane

Question 4

fertilization ends with intermingling of maternal and paternal chromosomes at

Answer 4

metaphase of the first zygotic division approx. 24 hours later

Question 5

oocyte is swept into the

Answer 5

Fallopian tube

Question 6

if an oocyte is fertilized, the __________ secretes even higher levels of progesterone

Answer 6

corpus luteum

Question 7

in the female reproductive tract, muscular contractions are stimulated by

Answer 7

PGE2 in the semen

Question 8

sperm concentration is

Answer 8

100 million/ml

Question 9

[sperm] counts lower than _____ associated with sub-infertility

Answer 9

10 million/ml

Question 10

sperm capacitation

Answer 10

freshly ejaculated sperm are unable to fertilize and require capacitation

Question 11

acrosome reaction is induced by

Answer 11

receptor fr ZP3, one of the zona pellucida glycoproteins

Question 12

acrosome reaction is induced by

Answer 12

receptor for ZP3, one of the zona pellucida glycoproteins

Question 13

ACE causes

Answer 13

the release of enzyme that break down the matrix and permit sperm penetration through the follicular cells and the zoma pellucida

Question 14

ACE causes

Answer 14

the release of enzyme that break down the matrix and permit sperm penetration through the follicular cells and the zoma pellucida

Question 15

receptor for ZP3 determines

Answer 15

specificiation

Question 16

Fusion

Answer 16

oocyte now completes meiosis II and becomes a mature oocyte

Question 17

Plasma membranes sof the oocyte and sperm fuse– is the start of

Answer 17

fertilization

Question 18

sperm-oocyte membrane fusion triggers rapid and massive

Answer 18

exocytosis of the cortical contents

Question 19

produces the block to polyspermy

Answer 19

cortical reaction

Question 20

lysosome derivative

Answer 20

cortical granule

Question 21

two mechanisms of the cortical rxn

Answer 21

• crosslinking

- degrading ZP3

Question 22

cortiocal rxn is initiated by

Answer 22

calcium

Question 23

calcium wave requires

Answer 23

frequency and amplitude

Question 24

the pronuclei fuse and all

Answer 24

chromosome replicate

Question 25

after chromosome replication occurs and fertilization is over... how long did it took?

Answer 25

about 24 hr

Question 26

results of fertilization, stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete

Answer 26

meiosis II

Question 27

results of fertilization, restores the

Answer 27

normal amount of chromosome #

Question 28

triploids account for

Answer 28

20% of chromosomally-abnormal spontaneous abortions

Question 29

polyspermy results in

Answer 29

triploid zygote

Question 30

miscarriages fraction

Answer 30

1/3