human geo unit 3

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

shared practices(birth rituals, death rituals etc), technologies(devices, transportation), attitudes and behaviors(age of maturity, gender roles)

Question 2

material culture

Answer 2

made up of things people give value to

Question 3

non-material culture

Answer 3

made up of the ideas of a society

Question 4

habit

Answer 4

a repetitive act that a particular individual performs; wearing jeans to class every day

Question 5

custom

Answer 5

a repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group; many people wearing jeans to class

Question 6

folk culture

Answer 6

traditionally practiced primary by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas

Question 7

popular culture

Answer 7

found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

Question 8

cultural relativism

Answer 8

evaluating a culture by its own standards

Question 9

ethnocentrism

Answer 9

evaluating another culture through the lense of one’s culture

Question 10

cultural landscape

Answer 10

the combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape

Question 11

placemaking

Answer 11

a process in which a community or cultural groups gets together to plan a public space

Question 12

language

Answer 12

can influence toponyms or forms of communication

Question 13

ethnicity

Answer 13

can influence the good and services available, architecture, or where people live, creating ethnic enclaves

Question 14

religion

Answer 14

can influence toponyms, architecture, and even who can live where

Question 15

centripetal forces

Answer 15

things that unify a group of people ex: common language

Question 16

centrifugal forces

Answer 16

things that divide a group of people ex: ethnic discrimination

Question 17

hearth

Answer 17

a place from which an innovation originates

Question 18

relocation diffusion

Answer 18

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another ex: spanish being spoken in south and central america

Question 19

contagious diffusion

Answer 19

the rapid spread of a characteristic throughout a population(people to people) ex: memes, spanish flu

Question 20

hierarchical diffusion

Answer 20

ideas spread hierarchically, starting from the top, spreading downwards ex: clothing fads

Question 21

reverse hierarchical diffusion

Answer 21

starting from down, spreading upwards ex: rap, walmart

Question 22

stimulus diffusion

Answer 22

the full idea not being spread, but the main underlying idea spread ex: mccdonald’s spread throughout the world- different menus

Question 23

barriers to diffusion

Answer 23

• distance decay effect
• cultural barriers(languge, religion, age, etc)
• physical barriers
• political barriers
• economic barriers

Question 24

acculturation

Answer 24

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups. changes may be experienced by both groups, but both retain two distinct cultural features

Question 25

assimilation

Answer 25

the process in which people lose originality, differentiating traits, such as dress, speech, or mannerisms, when they come in contact with another society or culture

Question 26

syncretism

Answer 26

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature. the two groups come together to form a new culture

Question 27

creolization

Answer 27

the process of mixing cultural traits, primarily language

Question 28

lingua franca

Answer 28

language mutually understood by the members of a society

Question 29

cultural divergence

Answer 29

people may stat to leave their culture or abandon elements of it

Question 30

cultural convergence

Answer 30

people start having one mass, global culture

Question 31

institutional language

Answer 31

used in education, work, mass media, and government

Question 32

official language

Answer 32

used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects such as roads, money and stamps

Question 33

language family

Answer 33

a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history

Question 34

language branch

Answer 34

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago

Question 35

language group

Answer 35

a collection of languages within a certain branch that shares a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary

Question 36

dialect

Answer 36

a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Question 37

subdialect

Answer 37

a subdivision of a dialect

Question 38

universalizing religions

Answer 38

attempt to be global- to appeal to all people wherever they live in the world

Question 39

ethnic religions

Answer 39

appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place

Question 40

denomination

Answer 40

a more localied subgroup of religion, often with religious autonomy

Question 41

monotheistic & polytheistic

Answer 41

monotheistic: worshipping one deity | polytheistic: worshipping many deities

Question 42

cultural syncretism

Answer 42

when distinct aspect of different cultures blend together to make something new and unique. ex: fusion foods