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Human Geo > Human Geo Units 1&2 > Flashcards

Human Geo Units 1&2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of geographical knowledge?

A

declarative, procedural, conditional

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2
Q

What is declarative knowledge?

A

concepts, principles, facts

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3
Q

what is procedural knowledge?

A

knowing how to think; procedures and skills

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4
Q

what is conditional knowledge?

A

knowing when to use both declarative and procedural knowledge

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5
Q

what are the two types of perspectives in geography?

A

spatial and environmental

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6
Q

what are the 2 main types of maps?

A

reference maps, thematic maps

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7
Q

what are the 5 key types of geospatial data shown on thematic maps?

A

chloropleth, dots, graduated symbol, isoline, cartograms

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8
Q

what is an example of an absolute, quantitive measurement?

A

the distance from Nashville, Tennessee to Denver, Colorado is exactly 1 022 miles

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9
Q

what is an example of a relative, qualitative measurement?

A

my house is near the beach

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10
Q

what is a Mercator map projection and what does it do?

A

preserves shape but distorts size massively at higher altitudes, commonly used for navigation and in schools

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11
Q

what is the Gall-Peters map projection and what does It do?

A

preserves size but distorts shape- opposite of Mercator

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12
Q

what does it mean when a geographer is “out in the field”?

A

they are out collecting any type of data in the world

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13
Q

what is a census?

A

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals

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14
Q

What is geographic information systems(GIS)?

A

a computer system that collects, stores, analyzes, and displays geographical data; many layers of information piled on top of each other; ex: first layer: where bodies of water are located, second layer: types of vegetations, third layer: whee the housing developments are, fourth layer: roadways, fifth layer: additional data, kind of like a lasagna

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15
Q

what is remote sensing?

A

informational gathering from space via satellites; gather information taking detailed scans of earth surface; used to analyze where droughts are occurring, urban sprawls, and how land is being used for different types of agriculture

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16
Q

absolute location

A

a way of describing the place using things that never change- latitude, longitude, exact distance; ubc is 10.6 km away from downtown Vancouver

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17
Q

relative location

A

a way of describing the place in relation to other places and the significance of the place; ubc is close to downtown Vancouver

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18
Q

place

A

a unique location; the cottage

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19
Q

flows

A

how different places interact with each other through by having people, goods, or information travel between them; natty and brendan when they have classes together

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20
Q

distance decay

A

the farther something is from something else, the fewer interaction those two places will have with each other

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21
Q

time-space compression

A

the reduction in time it takes for something to get from one place to another because of technology

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22
Q

pattern

A

how objects(houses, bus stops) are arranged in space

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23
Q

sustainability

A

actions that provide immediate benefits while also not fucking up natural resources so humans can use it in the future

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24
Q

natural resources

A

items produced in nature that can be used by humans

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25
renewable resources
resources in nature that are produced faster than they are consumed by humans
26
nonrenewable resources
resources in nature that are produced slower than they are consumed by humans
27
what are the two theories of human-environmental interaction?
environmental determinism, possibilism
28
environmental determinism
a theory that fuels eurocentric views that discounts humans abilities to create their own way of life: natural factors alone determine the cultural attributes of human societies
29
possibilism
a rebuttal theory to environmental determinism- humans have developed technologies to overcome their environmental challenges
30
what are the three pillars of sustainability?
environmental, society, economic; the three p's
31
what are the 3 kinds of regions?
formal, functional, perceptual
32
perceptual/vernacular region
a region defined differently by each person based on their ideas or perceptions- the south
33
functional/node region
these regions have a center of activity, or a node, and are often unified by transportation or communication networks; Guildford
34
formal region
a uniformed region; regions that have a unifying physical or human characteristic such as the Southridge uniform
35
what are the physical factors that affect where people live?
climate, landforms, waterbodies
36
what are the human factors that affect where people live?
culture, history, politics, economics
37
what are the three types of density?
arithmetic, physiological, agricultural
38
arithmetic density
the number of people in a space per square mile or kilometer; Canadas is 4 people per square km
39
physiological density
the number of people per unit of arable land
40
agricultural density
the number of farmers per unit of arable land
41
sex ratios
the number of males per 100 females
42
crude birth rate(CBR)
the number of live births in an area for every 1000 people alive
43
total fertility rate(TFR)
the average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing years
44
infant mortality rate(IMR)
refers to how many babies under age 1 die each year compared to live births
45
crude birth rate(CBR)
the total number of baby deaths in one year per 100 people
46
natural increase rate(RNI)
the percentage by which a population grows each year only considering births and deaths
47
migration
refers to the permanent move of people from one area to another
48
stage 1 demographic transition model- low growth
- Extremely high crude birth rates: cultural preferences, lack of contraceptives - Extremely high crude death rates: lack of sanitation/medicine, animal attacks, war, famine - very low natural increase rate
49
stage 2 demographic transition model- high growth
- Extremely high crude birth rates: industrial revolution leads to food security - Falling crude death rates: increased sanitation/medicine, increased life expectancy, falling infant mortality rates - Very high natural increase rate
50
stage 3 demographic transition model- moderate growth
- Falling crude birth rates: women enter the workforce, women seek educational opportunities, improved economics lessen the need for more children, as does urbanization - Falling crude death rates: further advances in medicine, increased life expectancy, still falling infant mortality rate - Moderate natural increase rate
51
stage 4 demographic transition model- low growth
- Women delay marriage, women educational opportunities, increased contraceptive use, and family planning - Low crude death rates: higher income leads to better health outcomes - No natural increase rate: zero population increase/growth or decrease/falling
52
stage 5 demographic transition model- negative growth
- Very low birth rates: couples choosing not to have kids, birth rates are falling below death rates - Rising crude death rates: deaths rising due to increased urbanization antibiotic-resistant bacteria - Negative population growth
53
stage 1 epidemiological transition model
- Infectious and parasitic diseases crop failure, and animal attacks are prevalent - Endemic: stays local, epidemic: spreads through the region, pandemic: spreads across regions
54
stage 2 epidemiological transition model- receding pandemics
- Improved sanitation, better nutrition/food security, medicine - Pandemics are still a slight issues - Increased life expectancy
55
stage 3 epidemiological transition model- Degenerative diseases
- Fewer infectious disease deaths - Rise in death from aging: cancer, strokes, heart disease - Longer life expectancy and lower death rates - Population growth
56
stage 4 epidemiological transition model- delayed degenerative and lifestyle disease
- Medical advances extend life expectancy - Better diets, reduced use of tobacco - Life expectancy is at its highest - One problem: junk food and sedentary lifestyles
57
stage 5 epidemiological transition model- re-emergence of infectious diseases
- infectious and parasitic disease make a return(return of the plague) - Resistance to antibiotics - Disease mutation - Rising urbanization - Slight Lowering life expectancy
58
Malthusian theory
warned that there would not be enough food to feed the people- famine
59
what is the difference between immigrate and migrate?
immigrate: to move into a nation emigrate: to move away from a nation
60
asylum seeker
people who have moved from another country in hopes of being recognized as a refuge
61
refugee
someone forced to migrate from another country to avoid armed conflict, violence, violations of human rights, or other disasters
62
internally displaced person
forced to move for similar reasons as a refugee but did not move nations and cross an international border
63
guest worker
a person with temporary permission to work in a different country (my nanny)
64
remittance
sending money back home(filipino nannies)
65
where are the four clusters of population
- East Asia (Chinese cities, Japan, Taiwan) - South Asia (India Bangladesh Pakistan AKA “subcontinent”) - Europe (London Paris) - Southeast Asia (Indonesia Philippines)
66
what is the goldilocks method?
Too hot, too wet, too high, too cold

Human Geo (6 decks)

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