human geo unit 4

Question 1

sovereignty

Answer 1

the full right and power of a governing body over itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies

Question 2

nation state

Answer 2

a state in which a great majority shares the same culture and is aware of it

Question 3

self-determination

Answer 3

the right of the people to choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference

Question 4

colonialism

Answer 4

a policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authourity over other people and other territories. they may impose themselves on another culture to benefit themselves and benefit from the resources of the place

Question 5

imperialism

Answer 5

a policy of extending the rule over people and other countries for extending political access and economic through using military force but also soft power

Question 6

territoriality

Answer 6

the connection of people to their culture and their economic systems to the land

Question 7

neocolonialism

Answer 7

the practice of using economics, globalization, cultural imperialism, and conditional aid to influence a country

Question 8

shatterbelt region

Answer 8

a region caught between two stronger colliding external cultural-political forces under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals

Question 9

political boundary: relic

Answer 9

a boundary that has ceased to function but can still be detected on the cultural landscape

Question 10

political boundary: superimposed

Answer 10

a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power

Question 11

political boundary: subsequent

Answer 11

a boundary that is established after the settlement in that area occurred. it developed with the evolution of the culture on the cultural landscape and it adjusted as the landscape changes

Question 12

political boundary: antecedent

Answer 12

a boundary that preceded the development of most of the cultural landscape

Question 13

political boundary: geometric

Answer 13

a boundary formed by straight lines or occasionally arcs, regardless of the physical and cultural features of the area

Question 14

political boundary: consequent

Answer 14

boundaries drawn in order to separate groups based on ethnic, linguistic, religious, or economic difference

Question 15

defined boundaries

Answer 15

boundaries established by legal documents; treaties

Question 16

delimited boundaries

Answer 16

boundaries drawn on a map that show the limits of the government’s jurisdiction

Question 17

demarcated boundaries

Answer 17

boundaries identified by physical markers or barriers; town limit signs, walls or fences

Question 18

ways boundaries are contested: defined(positional)

Answer 18

conflicts over the interpretation of documents defining a boundary or the way its shown on the ground

Question 19

ways boundaries are contested: locational(territorial)

Answer 19

conflicts between states or regions over the ownership of a given area

Question 20

ways boundaries are contested: operational(functional)

Answer 20

conflicts over national policies applied at a border

Question 21

ways boundaries are contested: allocational(resource)

Answer 21

conflicts over the use of resources created or complicated by a boundary

Question 22

gerrymandering

Answer 22

the redrawing of legislative lines to benefit the party in power

Question 23

gerrymandering: wasted vote

Answer 23

opposition supporters are spread across many districts to be the minority

Question 24

gerrymandering: excess vote

Answer 24

opposition supporters are concentrated into a few districts

Question 25

gerrymandering: stacked vote

Answer 25

distant areas of like-minded voters are linked through oddly shaped boundaries

Question 26

census

Answer 26

a requirement of the federal government to count the population every ten years

Question 27

redistricting

Answer 27

after a census, the government changes the number of representatives per state depending on the population results of the census

Question 28

democracy

Answer 28

a country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office

Question 29

autocracy

Answer 29

a country that is run based on the individual interests of the leaders rather than the people

Question 30

anocracy

Answer 30

a mix between a democracy and autocracy

Question 31

federal: form of government

Answer 31

a gov system that divides power between national and local forms of gov

Question 32

unitary: form of government

Answer 32

a gov system that is composed of one central gov that holds all the power

Question 33

compact state- efficient

Answer 33

- distance from center does not significantly vary - efficient in trade, travel, and communication from the center ex: Poland

Question 34

elongated state- potential isolation

Answer 34

- potential isolation at the periphery - difficult communication and travel - challenging to govern and defend ex: Norway

Question 35

prorupted state- access or disruption

Answer 35

- compact area with an extension - limited access may cause disruption ex: Thailand, demographic republic of Congo

Question 36

perforated state

Answer 36

- state that completely surrounds another state - surrounded state dependent on perforated state for travel and trade ex: Italy, south africa

Question 37

fragmented states- problematic

Answer 37

- scattered from the core - problems with trade, communication, travel, distribution of power ex: Indonesia

Question 38

devolution

Answer 38

the transfer of power from one central government to subnational levels of government which mostly are defined by regional lines

Question 39

factors that lead to devolution

Answer 39

- physical geography - ethnic separatism(when ethnic groups are concentrated in specific regions, which can lead to independence movements) - ethnic cleansing(the forced removal of a minority ethnic group) - terrorism - economic problems - social problems - irredentism(the movement to unite people who share a language or other culture elements but are divided by a national boundary)

Question 40

supranationalism

Answer 40

occurs when multiple countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members ex: UN